Table 2 Percentages of drinking water type consumed at home, use of pools and duration of bath/shower by educational level
From: Socioeconomic status and exposure to disinfection by-products in drinking water in Spain
Illiterate | Primary school incomplete | Primary school complete | High school or higher education | p-value | TOTAL | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
Source of drinking water, currently | |||||||||||
Tap water | 243 | 69% | 131 | 61% | 265 | 62% | 116 | 57% | 755 | 63% | |
Bottled | 59 | 17% | 54 | 25% | 99 | 23% | 67 | 33% | 160 | 23% | |
Springs and wells | 48 | 14% | 29 | 14% | 61 | 14% | 22 | 11% | 0.003 | 279 | 14% |
Current average residential THM level (μg/l) | |||||||||||
Low (<= 48 μg/l) | 103 | 48% | 69 | 46% | 155 | 54% | 59 | 38% | 386 | 48% | |
High (>48 μg/l) | 111 | 52% | 80 | 54% | 133 | 46% | 97 | 62% | 0.014 | 421 | 52% |
Source of drinking water at the longest residence | |||||||||||
Tap water | 227 | 63% | 126 | 57% | 258 | 58% | 136 | 64% | 747 | 61% | |
Bottled | 39 | 11% | 40 | 18% | 67 | 16% | 44 | 21% | 190 | 15% | |
Springs and wells | 96 | 26% | 54 | 25% | 116 | 26% | 32 | 15% | 0.002 | 298 | 24% |
Lifetime average residential THM level, from age 15 (μg/l) | |||||||||||
Low (<= 26 μg/l) | 132 | 59% | 62 | 47% | 155 | 54% | 59 | 39% | 408 | 51% | |
High (<26 μg/l) | 93 | 41% | 71 | 53% | 133 | 46% | 91 | 61% | 0.002 | 388 | 49% |
Ever swimming pool attendance | |||||||||||
No | 259 | 93% | 162 | 89% | 307 | 88% | 134 | 74% | 862 | 87% | |
Yes | 21 | 7% | 21 | 11% | 41 | 12% | 46 | 26% | <0.001 | 129 | 13% |
Showers/baths | |||||||||||
Short (<= 7 min/day) | 150 | 60% | 87 | 52% | 179 | 55% | 77 | 44% | 493 | 54% | |
Long (>7 ming/day) | 99 | 40% | 81 | 48% | 149 | 45% | 98 | 56% | 0.010 | 427 | 46% |