Longitudinal variability of time-location/activity patterns of population at different ages: a longitudinal study in California

Wu, Xiangmei; Bennett, Deborah H; Lee, Kiyoung; Cassady, Diana L; Ritz, Beate; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva

doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-80

Environmental Health

Table 4 Variation of activities collected by questionnaires^a (Only results with statistical significance p < 0.05 were shown.)

From: Longitudinal variability of time-location/activity patterns of population at different ages: a longitudinal study in California

	Age group	Model^b	Day-type^c	Season^d	Longi- tudinal	Sex^e	Employment Status^f	Age of Children^g	ICC
Daily activity: time spent on the activity per day (minute/day)
Any moderate activity	Children		WE > WD					O > Y	0.36
	Parents			warm > cool			UE > E		0.34
	Older								0.26
Moderate outdoor activity (> 30 minutes)	Children		WE > WD	warm > cool	decreasing				0.14
	Parents		WE > WD						0.15
	Older								0.19
Any vigorous activity	Children			warm > cool	decreasing	M > F			0.35
	Parents						UE > E*		0.32
	Older								0.25
Vigorous outdoor activity (> 30 minutes)	Children		WE > WD	warm > cool	decreasing				0.09
	Parents					F > M*			0.16
	Older								0.16
Being in the garage	Children		WE > WD						0.21
	Parents								0.45
	Older								0.28
Using stove (adults) or approaching stove while someone cooking (children)	Children								0.44
	Parents								0.40
	Older								0.28
Using computer^b	Children	O			increasing			O > Y	0.45
		D	WE > WD		increasing	M > F			0.37
	Parents	O	WD > WE						0.41
		D	WD > WE			M > F	E > UE		0.31
	Older	O	WD > WE						0.43
		D	WD > WE		decreasing		E > UE		0.31
Watching TV^b	Children	O			decreasing			Y > O	0.52
		D	WE > WD						0.46
	Parents^p	O				M > F			0.44
		D	WE > WD	cool > warm					0.31
	Older^p	O							0.58
		D							0.58
Weekly or Monthly activity: frequency (time/week or time/month)
Moderate outdoor activity (> 30 minutes) per week	Children		--	warm > cool					0.38
	Parents		--	warm > cool	decreasing				0.31
	Older		--			M > F			0.40
Vigorous outdoor activity (> 30 minutes) per week	Children		--		decreasing				0.40
	Parents		--						0.30
	Older		--						0.43
Purchasing gas at a gas station per week (adults only)	Parents		--						0.53
	Older		--			M > F	E > UE		0.58
Food store visit per week	Children		--	warm > cool	decreasing				0.64
	Parents		--		decreasing		UE > E		0.70
	Older		--						0.73
Multi-purpose store visit per month	Children		--		decreasing				0.57
	Parents		--		decreasing				0.64
	Older		--						0.52
Other store visit per month	Children		--						0.61
	Parents		--		decreasing				0.60
	Older		--			M > F			0.61
Barbeque per month^b	Children^p	O	--	warm > cool					0.61
		D	--	warm > cool					0.52
	Parents^p	O	--	warm > cool	decreasing				0.57
		D	--	warm > cool					0.57
	Older^p	O	--	warm > cool		M > F			0.60
		D	--	warm > cool		M > F			0.70

^a Only participants who completed diaries in two or more waves were included in this analysis.
^b The generalized linear mixed-effects model was used for most activity data with normal or lognormal distribution. Mixed-distribution mixed-effects model was used for most of the activity data clumping at zero. The mixed-distribution mixed-effects model consists of two parts: whether an individual spent time t a location (occurrence - O) and how long he/she spent at that location (duration - D) (Tooze et al., 2002; Xie et al., 2004).
^c weekday (WD) vs. weekend (WE). ^d warm (W) vs. cool (C). ^e male (M) vs. female (F).
^f Employment status of adults (for analysis of adult data only): employed (E) vs. unemployed (UE).
^g Children's age (for analysis of children's data only): increasing - older than 6-years-old > at 6 or younger; decreasing - older than 6-years-old < at 6 or younger.
* marginally significant; ^p O/D positively correlated

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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