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Table 2 Percent change in BPA and PFC concentrations by different SEP measuresa

From: Social disparities in exposures to bisphenol A and polyfluoroalkyl chemicals: a cross-sectional study within NHANES 2003-2006

 

BPA (n = 4739)

PFOA (n = 3953)

PFOS (n = 3953)

PFNA (n = 3953)

PFHxS (n = 3953)

 

% change (95% CI)

% change (95% CI)

% change (95% CI)

% change (95% CI)

% change (95% CI)

Family income

     

   < $20,000

14.3 (6.2, 23.0)

-10.9 (-16.4, -5.0)

-12.8 (-17.7, -7.7)

-11.0 (-17.5, -4.0)

-9.7 (-16.8, -1.9)

   ≥ $20,000

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Family income

     

   $0-$19,999

22.8 (10.6, 36.4)

-15.9 (-22.5, -8.7)

-19.3 (-24.6, -13.8)

-17.8 (-26.5, -8.0)

-16.1 (-24.1, -7.3)

   $20,000-$44,999

11.79 (2.1, 22.4)

-10.1 (-15.2, -4.6)

-11.6 (-17.1, -5.8)

-11.3 (-18.4, -3.5)

-11.0 (-19.4, -1.7)

   $45,000-$74,999

6.9 (-3.0, 17.9)

-1.3 (-6.5, 4.2)

-5.4 (-11.8, 1.4)

-6.6 (-13.5, 0.8)

-5.3 (-15.1, 5.6)

   $75,000 and over

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Poverty income ratio

     

   PIR < 1

27.0 (15.7, 39.3)

-21.2 (-26.2, -15.9)

-22.1 (-26.7, -17.2)

-16.9 (-24.0, -9.2)

-19.0 (-26.4, -11.0)

   PIR 1-3

16.2 (7.8, 25.2)

-13.2 (-17.5, -8.7)

-11.0 (-15.4, -6.3)

-11.4 (-17.0, -5.5)

-13.7 (-22.3, -4.1)

   PIR > 3

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Adjusted family income

     

   Quartile 1

26.6 (14.9, 39.5)

-20.5 (-26.4, -14.0)

-21.6 (-26.3, -16.6)

-18.0 (-26.1, -8.9)

-18.4 (-25.6, -10.5)

   Quartile 2

18.8 (6.7, 32.4)

-16.4 (-21.0, -11.4)

-16.4 (-21.5, -11.0)

-15.4 (-21.7, -8.6)

-17.1 (-26.1, -7.0)

   Quartile 3

15.3 (6.2, 25.1)

-10.9 (-15.9, -5.7)

-10.4 (-15.6, -4.9)

-10.3 (-15.9, -4.4)

-12.1 (-20.2, -3.3)

   Quartile 4

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Food security status

     

   Very low

19.6 (5.6, 35.5)

-4.1 (-14.0, 7.0)

-4.7 (-13.6, 5.1)

-5.1 (-17.0, 8.6)

-4.1 (-18.0, 12.3)

   Low

3.1 (-8.5, 16.1)

-9.3 (-15.5, -2.5)

-11.0 (-17.4, -4.0)

-8.7 (-14.3, -2.7)

-8.3 (-17.4, 1.9)

   Marginal

8.2 (-0.9, 18.2)

-4.2 (-9.6, 1.6)

-4.0 (-10.2, 2.6)

-4.5 (-14.0, 6.2)

-0.9 (-13.5, 13.6)

   Full

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Emergency food

     

   Yes

16.0 (2.4, 31.4)

-11.6 (-18.4, -4.2)

-14.2 (-21.0, -6.7)

-16.5 (-25.0, -7.1)

-6.5 (-17.4, 5.7)

   No

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Education b

     

   Less than high school

6.8 (-7.2, 22.9)

-8.0 (-17.2, 2.1)

-6.5 (-15.1, 2.9)

-5.3 (-14.9, 5.4)

-8.1 (-19.4, 4.9)

   High school grad/GED

17.9 (3.2, 34.8)

-0.1 (-6.1, 6.3)

-6.3 (-13.5, 1.4)

-5.7 (-13.6, 3.0)

-9.1 (-16.8, -0.6)

   Some college/AA degree

16.9 (0.9, 35.4)

-1.1 (-7.9, 6.3)

-2.9 (-10.7, 5.7)

-8.1 (-16.4, 1.0)

-9.7 (-19.7, 1.5)

   College grad or above

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Longest occupation b

     

   Never worked

2.5 (-18.7, 29.1)

-8.1 (-22.5, 9.1)

-9.5 (-23.5, 7.2)

-24.2 (-36.9, -9.0)

8.6 (-11.7, 33.5)

   Blue collar, semi-routine

6.1 (-6.5, 20.4)

0 (-8.2, 8.9)

-4.5 (-15.1, 7.4)

-4.2 (-13.8, 6.4)

-0.7 (-9.3, 8.8)

   Blue collar, high skill

24.4 (4.7, 47.7)

-11.7 (-24.4, 3.0)

-5.6 (-19.5, 10.6)

-13.2 (-28.0, 4.7)

1.0 (-16.4, 22.2)

   White collar, semi-routine

6.3 (-9.2, 24.4)

3.8 (-7.7, 16.7)

3.0 (-8.3, 15.7)

-5.0 (-15.4, 6.8)

7.8 (-8.0, 26.3)

   White collar & professional

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  1. a Models adjusted for NHANES cycle, age, gender, race/ethnicity, creatinine (BPA). Statistically significant results in bold
  2. b Education models include those over age 20 (BPA n = 2765, PFC n = 2756), and occupation models those over age 16 and in the 2003-2004 NHANES cycle (BPA n = 1695, PFC n = 1638)
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Environmental Health

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