The upper midwest health study: a case–control study of pesticide applicators and risk of glioma

Table 3 Risk of glioma and estimated cumulative pesticide exposure by type and target among participants with or without estimated exposures in the Upper Midwest Health Study

Pesticide	Including proxy respondents					Excluding proxy respondents
Type and Target	Cases (n = 798)		Controls (n = 1,175)			Cases (n = 438)		Controls (n = 1,141)
	n^a	Exposure^b	n	Exposure	OR^c (95 % CI)	n	Exposure	n	Exposure	OR (95 % CI)
Insecticide	128	177 (355)	261	155 (263)	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	73	139 (265)	255	156 (265)	0.99 (0.94, 1.04)
Animal	89	117 (211)	175	118 (179)	0.97 (0.91, 1.03)	48	106 (156)	171	119 (181)	0.98 (0.90, 1.07)
Crops	78	156 (329)	145	135 (228)	1.00 (0.95, 1.04)	42	120 (290)	140	137 (232)	0.99 (0.92, 1.06)
Buildings/Lots	65	1.96 (5.39)	130	1.99 (5.42)	0.99 (0.96, 1.02)	32	1.05 (1.75)	125	2.05 (5.52)	0.95 (0.88, 1.04)
Herbicide	89	149 (255)	163	212 (344)	0.96 (0.91, 1.00)	53	110 (198)	160	214 (347)	0.94 (0.88, 1.01)
Fungicide	17	69.0 (89.5)	32	97.5 (164)	0.90 (0.72, 1.13)	12	76.3 (92.1)	32	97.5 (164)	0.98 (0.78, 1.23)

^aNumber of participants with exposure estimated by an industrial hygienist. All other study participants are assigned zero exposure.
^bMean (and standard deviation) of lifetime cumulative exposure in gram-years (g-years) for participants with estimated exposure. Cumulative exposure is calculated as 1,000 times the product of intensity (mg/hr) by decade, number of hours per day (hr/day), number of days per year (days/yr), and years by decade, and then summed across all decades.
^cOdds ratio (and 95 % confidence intervals) of lifetime cumulative exposure (per 0.5 g for buildings/lots or per 50 g for all others based on median exposure), adjusted for matching variables (10-year age group, sex) and for age, and education.

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