Table 8 References included in the pesticides exposure assessment literature database. The symbols • and ○ indicate that that type of exposure is or is not discussed in the reference
From: The upper midwest health study: a case–control study of pesticide applicators and risk of glioma
Farm | Farm- related1 | Non-farm job2 | House & garden | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Abbott IM, Bonsall JL, Chester G. Hart TB, Turnbull GJ: Worker exposure to a herbicide applied with ground sprayers in the United Kingdom. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1987, 48: 167– 175. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Archibald BA, Solomon KR, Stephenson GR: Estimating primicarb exposure to greenhouse workers using video imaging. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1994, 27: 126– 129. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Archibald BA, Solomon KR, Stephenson GR: Estimation of pesticide exposure to greenhouse applicators using video imaging and other assessment techniques. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1995, 56: 226– 235. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Batchelor GS, Walker KC, Elliott JW: Dinitroorthocresol exposure from apple-thinning sprays. Arch Ind Hyg 1956, 13: 593– 596. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Batchelor GS, Walker KC: Health hazards involved in use of parathion in fruit orchards of north central Washington. Arch Ind Hyg 1954, 10: 522– 529. |
• | • | ○ | ○ | Brouwer DH, Brouwer EJ, van Hemmen JJ: Assessment of dermal and inhalation exposure to zineb/maneb in the cultivation of flower bulbs. Ann Occup Hyg 1992, 36:373–384. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Brouwer DH, Brouwer R, de Mik G, Maas CL, van Hemmen JJ: Pesticides in the cultivation of carnations in greenhouses: Part I-Exposure and concomitant health risk. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1992, 53: 575– 581. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Brouwer R, Marquart H, de Mik G, van Hemmen JJ: Risk assessment of dermal exposure of greenhouse workers to pesticides after re-entry. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992, 23: 273– 280. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Carman GE, Iwata Y, Pappas JL, O'Neal JR, Gunther FA: Pesticide applicator exposure to insecticides during treatment of citrus trees with oscillating boom and airblast units. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1982, 11: 651– 659. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Chester G, Hatfield L, Hart B, Leppert B, Swaine H, Tummon OJ: Worker exposure to, and absoprtion of, cypermethrin during aerial application of an “ultra low volume” formulation to cotton. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1982, 16: 69– 78. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Chester G, Hart TB: Biological monitoring of a herbicide applied through backpack and vehicle sprayers. Toxicol Let 1986, 33: 137– 149. |
• | ○ | • | ○ | Comer SW, Staiff DC, Armstrong JF, Wolfe HR: Exposure of workers to carbaryl. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1975, 13: 385– 391. |
○ | ○ | • | • | Cowell JE, Lottman CM, Manning MJ: Assessment of lawn care worker exposure to dithiopyr. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1991, 21: 195– 201. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Davis JE, Stevens ER, Staiff DC, Butler LC: Potential exposure of apple thinners to phosalone. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1982, 29: 592– 598. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Davis JE, Stevens ER, Staiff DC: Potential exposure of apple thinners to azinphosmethyl and comparison of two methods for assessment of hand exposure. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1983, 31: 631– 638. |
○ | ○ | • | • | Davis J, Stevens E, Staiff D, Butler C: Potential exposure to diazinon during yard applications. Environ Mon Ass 1983, 3: 23– 29. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Devine JM, Kinoshita GB, Peterson RP, Picard GL: Farm worker exposure to terbufos [phosphorodithioic acid, S-(tert-butylthio) methyl O,O-diethyl ester] during planting operations of corn. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1996, 15: 113– 119. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Dubelman S, Lauer R, Arras DD, Adams SA: Operator exposure measurements during application of the herbicide diallate. J Agric Food Chem 1982, 30: 528– 532. |
• | ○ | ○ | • | Everhart LP, Holt RF: Potential benlate fungicide exposure during mixer/loader operations, crop harvest, and home use. J Agric Food Chem 1982, 30: 222– 227. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Frank R, Campbell RA, Sirons GJ: Forestry workers involved in aerial application of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D): exposure and urinary excretion. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1985, 14: 427– 435. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Franklin CA, Grover R, Markham JW, Smith AE, Yoshida K: Effect of various factors on exposure of workers involved in the aerial application of herbicides. Am Conf Gov Ind Hyg Transact 1981, 43: 97– 117. |
○ | ○ | • | • | Gold RE, Holcslaw T, Tupy D, Ballard JB: Dermal and respiratory exposure to applicators and occupants of residences treated with dichlorvos (DDVP). J Econ Entomol 1984, 77: 430– 436. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Grover R, Cessna AJ, Nuir NI, Riedel D, Franklin CA, Yoshida K: Factors affecting the exposure of ground-rig applicators to 2,4-D dimethylamine salt. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1986, 15: 677– 686. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Herman ND, Hunt TW, Sheets TJ: Hand harvester exposure to maleic hydroxide (MH) in flue-cured tobacco. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1985, 34: 469– 475. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Hussain M, Yoshida K, Atiemo M, Johnston D: Occupational exposure of grain farmers to carbofuran. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1990, 19: 197– 204. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Jegier Z: Health hazards in insecticide spraying of crops. Arch Environ Health 1964, 8: 670– 674. |
• | ○ | • | ○ | Jegier Z: Exposure to guthion during spraying and formulating. Arch Environ Health 1964, 8: 565– 569. |
○ | ○ | • | • | Kamble ST, Ogg CL, Gold RE, Vance AD: Exposure of applicators and residents to chlordane and heptachlor when used for subterranean termite controls. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992, 22: 253– 259. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Kangas J, Laitinen S, Jauhiainen A, Savolainen K: Exposure of sprayers and plant harvesters to mevinphos in Finnish greenhouses. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1993, 54: 150– 157. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Karr C, Demers P, Costa LG, Daniell WE, Barnhart S, Miller M, Gallagher G, Horstman SW, Eaton D, Rosenstock L: Organophosphate pesticide exposure in a group of Washington State orchard applicators. Environ Res 1992, 59: 229– 237. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Knarr RD, Cooper GL, Brian EA, Kleinschmidt MG, Graham DG: Worker exposure during aerial application of a liquid and a granular formulation of Ordram® Selective Herbicide to rice. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1985, 14: 523– 527. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Kurtz PH, Shaw G, Kelter A, Jackson RJ: Assessment of potential acute health effects in agricultural workers exposed during the application of chlordimeform. J Occup Med 1987, 29: 592– 595. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Lavy TL, Cowell JE, Steinmetz JF, Massey JH: Conifer seedling nursery worker exposure to glyphosate. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1992, 22: 6– 13. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Lavy TL, Shepard JS, Mattice JD: Exposure measurements of applicators spraying (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid in the forest. J Agric Food Chem 1980, 28: 626– 630. |
○ | ○ | • | ○ | Leavitt JR, Gold RD, Holcslaw T, Tupy D: Exposure of professional pesticide applicators to carbaryl. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1982, 11: 57– 62. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Maitlen JC, Sell CR, McDonough LM, Fertig SN: Workers in the agricultural environment: dermal exposure to carbaryl. In Pesticide Residues and Exposure. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 182. Edited by Plimmer JR. Washington DC: American Chemical Society; 1982:83–103. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Manninen A, Kangas J, Klen T, Savolainen H: Exposure of Finnish farm workers to phenoxy acid herbicides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1986, 15: 107– 111. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | McCurdy SA, Hansen ME, Weisskopf CP, Lopez RL, Schneider F, Spencer J, Sanborn JR, Krieger RI, Wilson BW, Goldsmith DF, Schenker MB: Assessment of azinphosmethyl exposure in California peach harvest workers. Arch Environ Health 1994, 49: 289– 296. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Methner MM, Fenske RA: Pesticide exposure during greenhouse applications, Part 1. Dermal exposure reduction due to directional ventilation and work training. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1994, 9: 560– 566. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Methner MM, Fenske RA: Pesticide exposure during greenhouse applications. III. Variable exposure due to ventilation conditions and spray pressure. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 1996, 11: 174– 180. |
• | ○ | • | • | Mumma RO, Brandes GA, Gordon CF: Exposure of applicators and mixer-loaders during the application of mancozeb by airplanes, airblast sprayers and compressed-air backpack sprayers. In Dermal Exposure Related to Pesticide Use. American Chemical Society Symposium Series 273. Edited by Honeycutt RC, Zweig D, Ragsdale N. Washington DC: American Chemical Society; 1985:201–219. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Munn S, Keefe TJ, Savage EP: A comparative study of pesticide exposures in adults and youth migrant field workers. Arch Environ Health 1985, 40: 215– 220. |
○ | ○ | • | ○ | Nigg HN, Stamper JH: Exposure of Florida airboat aquatic weed applicators to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Chemosphere 1983, 12: 209– 215. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Nigg HN, Stamper JH: Exposure of spray applicators and mixer-loaders to chlorobenzilate miticide in Florida citrus groves. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1983, 12: 477– 482. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Nigg HN, Stamper JH, Mahon WD: Handgun applicator exposure to ethion in Florida citrus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1990, 45: 463– 468. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Nigg HN, Stamper JH, Queen RM: Dicofol exposure to Florida citrus applicators: effects of protective clothing. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1986, 15: 121– 134. |
○ | ○ | • | ○ | Ogg CL, Gold RE: Exposure and field evaluation of fenoxycarb for German cockroach (Orthoptera: Blattellidae) control. J Econ Entomol 1988, 81: 1408– 1413. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Popendorf WJ, Spear RC, Leffingwell JT, Yager J, Kahn E: Harvester exposure to Zolone® (phosalone) residues in peach orchards. J Occup Med 1979, 21: 189– 194. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Putnam AR, Willis MD, Binning LK, Boldt PF: Exposure of pesticide applicators to nitrofen: Influence of formulation, handling systems and protective garments. J Agric Food Chem 1983, 31: 645– 650. |
• | ○ | • | ○ | Quinby GE, Walker KC, Durham WF: Public health hazards involved in the use of organic phosphorous insecticide in cotton culture in the delta area of Mississippi. J Econ Entomol 1958, 51: 831– 838. |
○ | ○ | • | ○ | Ringenburg V: Industrial hygiene characterization of pesticide exposures of Hamilton County park district workers IWS 80-20/HHE 87–241. Cincinnati OH: NIOSH; 1988. |
○ | ○ | • | ○ | Sanderson WT, Ringenburg V, Biagini R: Exposure of commercial pesticide applicators to the herbicide alachlor. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1995, 56: 890– 897. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Senior PL, Lavers A: Determination of potential dermal exposure during application of crop protection products by boom spraying. Ann Occup Hyg 1992, 36: 589– 599. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Spear RC, Popendorf WJ, Leffingwell JT, Milby TH, Davies JE, Spencer WF: Fieldworkers' response to weathered residues of parathion. J Occup Med 1977, 19: 406– 410. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Stamper JH, Nigg HN, Mahon WD, Nielsen AP, Royer MD: Applicator exposure to fluvalinate, chlorpyrifos, captan, cand chlorothalonil in Florida ornamentals. J Agric Food Chem 1989, 37: 240– 244. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Stamper JH, Nigg HN, Mahon WD, Nielsen AP, Royer MD: Pesticide exposure to a greenhouse drencher. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 1989, 42: 209– 217. |
○ | • | ○ | ○ | Stamper JH, Nigg HN, Mahon WD, Nielsen AP, Royer MD: Pesticide exposure to greenhouse handgunners. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1989, 18: 515– 529. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Van Hemmen JJ: Agricultural pesticides exposure data bases for risk assessment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 1992, 126: 1– 85. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Wojeck GA, Nigg HN, Braman RS, Stamper JH, Rouseff RL: Worker exposure to arsenic in Florida grapefruit spray operations. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1982, 11: 661– 667. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Wojeck GA, Nigg HN, Stamper JH, Bradway DE: Worker exposure to ethion in Florida citrus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1981, 10: 725– 735. |
• | ○ | • | ○ | Wojeck GA, Price JF, Nigg HN, Stamper JH: Worker exposure to paraquat and diquat. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 1983, 12: 65– 70. |
• | ○ | • | ○ | Wolfe HR, Armstrong JF, Staiff DC, Comer SW: Exposure of spraymen to pesticides. Arch Environ Health 1972, 25: 29– 31. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Wolfe HR, Durham WF, Armstrong JF: Exposure of workers to pesticides. Arch Environ Health 1967, 14: 622– 633. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Wolfe HR, Durham WF, Armstrong JF: Health hazards of the pesticides endrin and dieldrin. Hazards in some agricultural uses in the Pacific Northwest. Arch Environ Health 1963, 6: 458– 464. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Wolfe HR, Durham WF, Batchelor GS: Health hazards of some dinitro compounds. Effects associated with agricultural usage in Washington State. Arch Environ Health 1961, 3: 468– 475. |
○ | ○ | • | ○ | Wolfe HR, Walker KC, Elliott JW, Durham WF: Evaluation of the health hazards involved in house-spraying with DDT. Bull World Health Organ 1959, 20: 1– 14. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Zweig G, Gao R, Popendorf W: Simultaneous dermal exposure to captan and benomyl by strawberry harvesters. J Agric Food Chem 1983, 31: 1109– 1113. |
• | ○ | ○ | ○ | Zweig G, Leffingwell JT, Popendorf W: The relationship between dermal pesticide exposure by fruit harvesters and dislodgeable foliar residues. Environ Sci Health B 1985, 20: 27– 59. |