Overall | UK | Germany | Netherlands | Sweden | Greece | Italy | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of participants | 4712 | 558 | 968 | 881 | 997 | 609 | 699 |
No. of cases of heart disease and stroke (%) | 276 (5.9) | 49 (8.8) | 77 (8.0) | 36 (4.1) | 54 (5.4) | 35 (5.7) | 25 (3.6) |
No. of cases of myocardial infarctiona | 133 (2.8) | 14 (2.5) | 46 (4.8) | 19 (2.2) | 29 (2.9) | 14 (2.3) | 11 (1.6) |
No. of cases of angina pectorisa | 144 (3.1) | 34 (6.1) | 28 (2.9) | 21 (2.4) | 26 (2.6) | 22 (3.6) | 13 (1.9) |
No. of cases of strokea | 63 (1.3) | 12 (2.2) | 24 (2.5) | 2 (0.2) | 13 (1.3) | 7 (1.1) | 5 (0.7) |
Daytime aircraft noise (dB(A))b | |||||||
Mean (SD)b | 52 (9.5) | 57 (9.7) | 51 (10.7) | 55 (6.3) | 52 (8.6) | 52 (7.2) | 46 (10.3) |
Range | 35–76 | 35–76 | 35–74 | 38–74 | 35–66 | 37–66 | 35–70 |
Night-time aircraft noise (dB(A)) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 41 (9.2) | 49 (10.5) | 40 (10.0) | 42 (8.9) | 40 (7.9) | 42 (4.6) | 35 (6.3) |
Range | 30–70 | 30–70 | 30–65 | 31–65 | 30–58 | 32–53 | 30–54 |
24 hour road traffic noise (dB(A)) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 53 (7.5) | 53 (5.3) | 56 (8.1) | 54 (7.1) | 50 (5.3) | 47 (4.9) | 55 (9.1) |
Range | 45–77 | 45–75 | 45–73 | 45–74 | 45–71 | 45–69 | 45–77 |
Average NO2 (μg/m3) | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 23.2 (1.3) | 37 (3.5) | Not | 32 (4.9) | 8 (3.8) | Not | Not |
Range | 1–58 | 31–58 | available | 25–55 | 1–28 | Available | available |
Age | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 58 (7.0) | 59 (6.9) | 57 (7.3) | 58 (6.9) | 57 (6.7) | 58 (7.7) | 57 (6.8) |
Range | 45–70 | 45–70 | 45–70 | 46–70 | 45–70 | 45–70 | 45–70 |
Gender (%) | |||||||
Male | 49.6 | 51.8 | 48.2 | 49.2 | 51.8 | 45.7 | 50.8 |
Female | 50.4 | 48.2 | 51.8 | 50.8 | 48.2 | 54.3 | 49.2 |
Years in education (%) | |||||||
1 Lowest quartile | 24.5 | 21.9 | 13.2 | 18.6 | 23.5 | 40.4 | 37.5 |
2 | 25.3 | 26.0 | 55.4 | 35.3 | 15.9 | 3.9 | 2.6 |
3 | 25.8 | 32.3 | 16.0 | 26.6 | 35.9 | 12.6 | 30.5 |
4 Highest quartile | 24.3 | 19.9 | 15.4 | 19.5 | 24.8 | 43.0 | 29.5 |
Ethnicity (%) | |||||||
White | 95.7 | 71.5 | 98.5 | 98.4 | 98.6 | 99.8 | 99.6 |
Non-white | 4.4 | 28.5 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 0.2 | 0.4 |
BMI | |||||||
Mean (SD) | 27 (4.6) | 28 (4.9) | 28 (5.0) | 27 (4.1) | 26 (4.4) | 28 (4.5) | 26 (4.5) |
Range | 15–69 | 18–56 | 16–69 | 17–48 | 15–59 | 16–57 | 16–48 |
Physical activity (%)c | |||||||
<once/week, | 32.5 | 46.5 | 26.5 | 15.4 | 31.4 | 32.0 | 53.5 |
1–3 times/week | 22.9 | 22.9 | 23.2 | 27.5 | 25.4 | 17.3 | 18.2 |
>3 times/week | 44.6 | 30.6 | 50.3 | 57.1 | 43.2 | 50.7 | 28.3 |
Smoking status (%)c | |||||||
Never | 40.4 | 52.8 | 31.5 | 43.9 | 37.4 | 35.2 | 47.7 |
Past | 34.5 | 34.6 | 37.7 | 32.5 | 43.8 | 23.3 | 28.5 |
Current | 25.1 | 12.6 | 30.8 | 23.7 | 18.8 | 41.6 | 23.8 |
Alcohol consumption (%)c | |||||||
None | 28.3 | 31.9 | 32.3 | 19.8 | 24.6 | 37.6 | 27.9 |
1–7 units/week | 46.4 | 35.9 | 51.1 | 38.6 | 63.4 | 43.1 | 34.5 |
8–14 units/week | 13.8 | 15.8 | 9.9 | 21.0 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 18.6 |
>14 units/week | 11.5 | 16.3 | 6.6 | 20.6 | 2.5 | 9.1 | 19.1 |