Concentrations versus amounts of biomarkers in urine: a comparison of approaches to assess pyrethroid exposure

Table 5 Absorbed permethrin dose estimated from volume-weighted concentrations (V) and amounts (A) of DCCA

		Permethrin absorbed dose
	Relative urinary flow rate	(A) Estimated from cumulative amounts (μg/kg bw/day)	(V) Estimated from volume-weighted concentrations^a (μg/kg bw/day)	V/A
Adults
Urban
	Lowest^b	0.00354	0.0238	6.7
	5th percentile^c	0.0564	0.134	2.4
	Median^d	0.00941	0.0137	1.5
	95th percentile^e	0.00571	0.00390	0.68
	Highest^f	0.0304	0.0111	0.37
Rural
	Lowest^b	0.00143	0.00337	2.4
	5th percentile^c	0.0113	0.0295	2.6
	Median^d	0.00573	0.00725	1.3
	95th percentile^e	0.00241	0.00108	0.45
	Highest^f	0.0203	0.0123	0.61
Children
Urban
	Lowest^b	0.0185	0.0365	2.0
	5th percentile^c	0.00551	0.00833	1.5
	Median^d	0.00537	0.00621	1.2
	95th percentile^e	0.0310	0.0170	0.55
	Highest^f	0.0258	0.00780	0.30
Rural
	Lowest^b	0.00481	0.00941	2.0
	5th percentile^c	0.104	0.222	2.1
	Median^d	0.00966	0.00970	1.0
	95th percentile^e	0.0183	0.0115	0.63
	Highest^f	0.0188	0.00980	0.52

^aCalculated according to the method of Fenske et al. [37]
^bAbsorbed dose estimates for the participant with the lowest urinary flow rate
^cAbsorbed dose estimates for the participant with the urinary flow rate closest to the 5th percentile value
^dAbsorbed dose estimates for the participants with the median urinary flow rate
^eAbsorbed dose estimates for the participant with the urinary flow rate closest to the 95th percentile value
^fAbsorbed dose estimates for the participant with the highest urinary flow rate

ISSN: 1476-069X