Table 3 Evidence of association between sub-daily exposure to PM and vasoconstriction^a

Harrabi et al., 2006

Mean age 75 yrs (SD5), 46% HT, 6% MI

Epi.

Fixed site PM10 hrly mean: 20 μg/m3 (SD10); SO42- and OC also measured;

1 h^b

Lag0, 3, 5, 24 h

↓SBP at lag3 and 5 h

Brook et al., 2002

Mean age 35 yrs (SD10)

Exp.

CAP~PM2.5: 153 μg/m3 (SD35) + O3;

2-2.5 h

Lag0

↓BAD; -BP and FMD

Dales et al., 2007

Aged 18-50 yrs

Exp.

PM2.5 bus stop 1: 40 μg/m3 (SD20); PM2.5 bus stop 2: 10 μg/m3 (SD10); PM1 also measured;

2 h

Lag0

↓FMD with PM2.5 not with PM1; -BP

Frampton et al., 2004

Aged 18-40 yrs, 57% asthmatics

Exp.

UFP: 10 or 25 μg/m3; with exercise;

2 h

Lag0, 3.5, 15, 21, 45 h

-BP

Gong et al., 2008

Aged 18-50 yrs, 45% asthmatics

Exp.

CAP~UFP: 100 μg/m3 (SD68) with exercise;

2 h

Lag0, 4, 22 h

-BP

Gong et al., 2004b

Aged 54-85 yrs, 68% COPD

Exp.

CAP~PM2.5 : 167 (SD27) μg/m3; with exercise;

2 h

Lag0, 4, 22 h

-BP

Gong et al., 2004

Mean age 36 yrs (SD11), 75% asthmatics

Exp.

CAP~PM10 : 157 μg/m3 (SD41) with exercise;

2 h

Lag0, 4, 22 h

-BP

Gong et al., 2003

Aged 18-45 yrs, 50% asthmatics

Exp.

CAP~PM2.5 : 174 μg/m3 (SD37) with exercise;

2 h

Lag0, 4, 22 h

-BP^c

Mills et al., 2008

Mean age 54 yrs (SD2), 50% CVD

Exp.

CAP~PM2.5 : 190 μg/m3 (SD37); with exercise;

2 h

Lag6 to 8 h

-FBF with vasodil. or not; -BP

Mills et al., 2007b

Mean age 60 yrs (SD1), with prior MI

Exp.

Diesel PM : 300 μg/m3; with exercise;

1 h

Lag6 to 8 h

-FBF with vasodil. or not; -BP

Mills et al., 2005

Aged 20-38 yrs

Exp.

Diesel PM : 300 μg/m3; with exercise;

2 h

Lag2, 6, 24 h

↓FBF with vasodil.; -BP

Peretz et al., 2008b

Aged 20-48 yrs

Exp.

Diesel PM: 100 and 200 μg/m3;

2 h

Lag0 and 3 h

↓BAD; -FMD and BP

Routledge et al., 2006

Aged 52-75 yrs, 50% CVD

Exp.

C UFP: 50 μg/m3;

1 h

Lag0 and 4 h

-BP

Rundell et al., 2007

Mean age 21 yrs (SD2)

Exp.

Nb of PM1 near busy road: 144K/cm3 (SD59K); with exercise;

for 30'

Lag0

↓BAD and FMD

Shah et al., 2008

Aged 18-40 yrs

Exp.

C UFP: 50 μg/m3; with exercise;

2 h

Lag0, 3.5, 21, 45 h

↓FBF post ischemia at Lag3.5

Törnqvist et al., 2007

Mean age 26 yrs (18-38)

Exp.

Diesel PM: 300 μg/m3; with exercise;

1 h

Lag 24 h

↓FBF with vasodil. at lag24; -BP

Urch et al., 2005

Aged 18-50 yrs

Exp.

CAP~PM2.5: 147 μg/m3 (SD27) + O3;

2 h

Lag0

↑DBP