From: Household air pollution and under-five mortality in India (1992–2006)
Neonatal | Post neonatal | Child | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study Factors | ne | n (%)f | ORb 95 %(CI) | P value | ne | n (%)f | ORb 95 %(CI) | P value | ne | n (%)f | ORb 95 %(CI) | P value |
Combined Association of Breastfeeding Status and Use of Cooking fuel | ||||||||||||
Ever breastfed & used clean fuelsa, c | 203 | 1.5 | 1.00 | 67 | 0.6 | 1.00 | 27 | 0.2 | 1.00 | |||
Ever breastfed & used polluting fuelsd | 2285 | 2.6 | 1.58 (1.37-1.83) | <0.001 | 1322 | 1.4 | 2.76 (2.16-3.53) | <0.001 | 919 | 1.0 | 4.72 (3.22-6.92) | <0.001 |
Never breastfed & used clean fuelsc | 362 | 2.7 | 1.73 (1.46-2.06) | <0.001 | 149 | 1.0 | 2.15 (1.61-2.87) | <0.001 | 42 | 0.3 | 1.49 (0.92-2.41) | 0.109 |
Never breastfed & used polluting fuelsd | 3232 | 8.2 | 5.36 (4.65-6.19) | <0.001 | 1816 | 4.4 | 8.87 (6.94-11.33) | <0.001 | 887 | 2.2 | 10.47 (7.13-15.37) | <0.001 |
Linear trend | 1.83 (1.78-1.88) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.78-1.91) | <0.001 | 1.57 (1.50-1.64) | <0.001 | ||||||
Combined Association of Kitchen Location and Use of Cooking fuel | ||||||||||||
Separate kitchen used clean fuelsa, c | 419 | 2.1 | 1.00 | 146 | 0.7 | 1.00 | 51 | 0.3 | 1.00 | |||
Separate kitchen used polluting fuelsd | 2182 | 3.8 | 1.83 (1.65-2.04) | <0.001 | 1175 | 1.9 | 2.81 (2.36-3.34) | <0.001 | 559 | 0.9 | 3.79 (2.84-5.05) | <0.001 |
No separate kitchen used clean fuelsc | 131 | 2.3 | 1.30 (1.06-1.58) | 0.010 | 66 | 1.3 | 1.88 (1.40-2.51) | <0.001 | 17 | 0.2 | 1.38 (0.80-2.39) | 0.249 |
No separate kitchen used polluting fuelsd | 2912 | 4.6 | 2.34 (2.11-2.59) | <0.001 | 1761 | 2.6 | 4.03 (3.40-4.78) | <0.001 | 1136 | 1.7 | 7.37 (5.56-9.76) | <0.001 |
Linear trend | 1.21 (1.18-1.24) | <0.001 | 1.32 (1.28-1.37) | <0.001 | 1.54 (1.47-1.61) | <0.001 |