Gestational exposure to phthalates and gender-related play behaviors in 8-year-old children: an observational study

Table 2 Geometric mean urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations in HOME Study pregnant women and US women

Metabolite (ng/mL)	LOD (ng/mL)	U.S. Females 2003–04 (n = 1355)		HOME Study 16-week (n = 226)			HOME Study 26-week (n = 218)
Metabolite (ng/mL)	LOD (ng/mL)	GM	95 % CI	GM	95 % CI	% > LOD	GM	95 % CI	% > LOD
∑DEHP^a		*Not available		87.9	73.4–105.3	100	65.9	55.2–78.5	100
MEHP	1.2	2.15	1.92–2.42	4.9	4.1–6	77.4	4.3	3.6–5	78
MEHHP	0.7	19.7	17.4–22.2	27	22.3–32.7	99.6	19.4	16.1–23.4	99.1
MEOHP	0.7	13.4	11.9–15.1	20.1	16.7–24.2	100	15.9	13.2–19.2	98.6
MECPP	0.6	31.9	28.1–36.2	39.3	33–46.9	100	29.1	24.5–34.6	100
MCPP	0.2	2.63	2.44–2.83	2.4	2.1–2.8	98.2	1.6	1.4–1.9	96.3
MBzP	0.3	9.33	8.53–10.2	9.3	7.7–11.3	98.7	7.7	6.2–9.4	98.2
MiBP	0.3	3.56	3.19–3.97	4.8	4.1–5.7	96	3.7	3.1–4.4	94.5
MnBP	0.6	22.2	21.2–23.3	24	20.7–27.7	100	20.6	17.3–24.5	100
MEP	0.8	125	106–148	141.8	118–170.4	100	115.3	92.7–143.3	100
Creatinine^b (mg/dL)	5	119	112.6–125.0	132	(89)	100	109	(82)	100

^*No National levels available for di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) summary measure (∑DEHP)
^a∑DEHP expressed as MEHP, ng/mL (= molar sum of (MECPP, MEOHP, MEOHP, MEHP) in nmol/L *278/1000)
^bMean (SD) presented to allow comparison with available normative data [45]

ISSN: 1476-069X