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Table 5 Associations (OR (95% CI)) between a 5 µg/m3 increase in daily average PM2.5 and hospitalizations, unadjusted and adjusting for average temperature and humidity (N = 520)

From: Effect measure modification of the association between short-term exposures to PM2.5 and hospitalizations by longs-term PM2.5 exposure among a cohort of people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in North Carolina, 2002–2015

Event type and exposure timing

Model

Overall

Among highera annual PM2.5

Among lowera annual PM2.5

Any Hospitalization (N = 1,849)

 0–2 day PM2.5

Unadjusted

1.003 (0.936, 1.074)

1.060 (0.969, 1.159)

0.919 (0.820, 1.031)

Adjusted

1.007 (0.936, 1.083)

1.068 (0.968, 1.178)

0.923 (0.820, 1.038)

 0–3 day PM2.5

Unadjusted

0.999 (0.927, 1.075)

1.060 (0.961, 1.165)

0.910 (0.803, 1.030)

Adjusted

1.003 (0.927, 1.086)

1.066 (0.958, 1.185)

0.914 (0.804, 1.039)

Cardiovascular Hospitalizations (N = 1,568)

 0–2 day PM2.5

Unadjusted

0.972 (0.901, 1.049)

1.034 (0.935, 1.144)

0.887 (0.784, 1.005)

Adjusted

0.976 (0.900, 1.058)

1.044 (0.935, 1.167)

0.887 (0.781, 1.009)

Respiratory Hospitalizations (N = 1,379)

 0–3 day PM2.5

Unadjusted

0.972 (0.890, 1.061)

1.030 (0.919, 1.154)

0.890 (0.770, 1.028)

Adjusted

0.971 (0.885, 1.066)

1.034 (0.911, 1.175)

0.889 (0.766, 1.031)

  1. aabove and below median concentration