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Table 4 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for HTN, stage 1 HTN, and stage 2 HTN associated with an IQR increase in the 3-year average concentration of PM2.5 and its constituents

From: Association of fine particulate matter and its constituents with hypertension: the modifying effect of dietary patterns

Pollutants

HTN

 

Stage 1 HTN

 

Stage 2 HTN

Crude model

Fully model

 

Crude model

Fully model

 

Crude model

Fully model

PM2.5

1.19 (1.16, 1.23)

1.08 (1.03, 1.12)

 

1.15 (1.12, 1.19)

1.06 (1.01, 1.12)

 

1.22 (1.18, 1.26)

1.08 (1.03, 1.13)

\({\text{SO}}_4^{2-}\)

1.20 (1.16, 1.23)

1.11 (1.07, 1.16)

 

1.16 (1.12, 1.20)

1.09 (1.04, 1.14)

 

1.23 (1.18, 1.27)

1.12 (1.07, 1.18)

\({\text{NO}}_3^{-}\)

1.28 (1.24, 1.32)

1.16 (1.11, 1.20)

 

1.22 (1.18, 1.27)

1.12 (1.07, 1.18)

 

1.32 (1.27, 1.36)

1.17 (1.12, 1.23)

\({\text{NH}}_4^{+}\)

1.28 (1.24, 1.31)

1.16 (1.12, 1.21)

 

1.21 (1.18, 1.27)

1.13 (1.08, 1.18)

 

1.32 (1.28, 1.37)

1.18 (1.13, 1.24)

BC

1.13 (1.10, 1.16)

1.05 (1.02, 1.09)

 

1.10 (1.06, 1.13)

1.04 (1.00, 1.08)

 

1.16 (1.13, 1.20)

1.06 (1.02, 1.11)

OM

1.17 (1.14, 1.20)

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)

 

1.12 (1.09, 1.16)

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

 

1.21 (1.17, 1.24)

1.08 (1.04, 1.13)

  1. Abbreviations: HTN, hypertension; PM2.5, fine particulate matter; \({\text{SO}}_4^{2-}\), sulfate; \({\text{NO}}_3^{-}\), nitrate; \({\text{NH}}_4^{+}\), ammonium; BC, black carbon; OM, organic matter; IQR, interquartile range.
  2. Note: Fully models were adjusted for age, sex, education, marital status, annual household income, smoking status, passive smoking, alcohol status, physical activity, outdoor time, BMI, household solid fuel use, HTN family history, residence, and region.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X