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Table 2 List of all environmental exposures studied

From: Environmental exposures in early-life and general health in childhood

Type of exposure

Exposures pregnancy (N)

Exposures measured during pregnancy

Exposures childhood (N)

Exposures measured during childhood (6–11 years)

URBAN EXPOSOME

 Outdoor air pollution

4

NO2, PM10. PM2.5, PM2.5 absorbance

7

NO2 (home, school), PM10 (home), PM2.5 (home, school), PM2.5 absorbance (home, school)

 Indoor air pollution

0

 

5

NO2, PM2.5, PM absorbance, Benzene, TEX

 Meteorology

3

Temperature, humidity, pressure

3

Temperature, humidity, UV-vit D

 Surrounding natural spaces

3

NDVI, presence of a major greenspace and bluespace

6

NDVI (home, school), presence of a major greenspace (home, school) and bluespace (home, school)

 Built environment

7

Population density, building density, street connectivity, accessibility, facility richness, walkability, land use index

16

Population density (home, school), building density (home, school), street connectivity (home, school), accessibility (home, school), facility richness (home, school), facility density (home, school), walkability (home, school), land use index (home, school)

 Road traffic

3

Traffic load on all roads, traffic density on nearest road, inverse distance to nearest road

6

Traffic load on all roads (home, school), traffic density on nearest road (home, school), inverse distance to nearest road (home, school)

 Water DBPs

3

THMs, brominated THMs, chloroform

0

 

LIFESTYLE

 Tobacco

2

Active and passive smoking

2

Child exposure to smoke (ETS) and parental smoking

 Diet

3

Specific food intake: meat, fish, cereal

20

KIDMED score, fast-food visits, organic food, specific food intake: sweets, meat, processed meat, fish, yogurt, sodas, bread, breakfast cereals, potatoes, vegetables, dairy, fruits, cereal, bakery products, lipids, caffeinated drinks

 Sleep

0

 

1

Average sleep

 Physical activity

0

 

2

Moderate/vigorous activity, sedentary time

 Allergens

0

 

1

Pet

 Socio-economic

1

House crowding

3

Family Affluence Score (FAS), family contact, participation in organizations

CHEMICAL EXPOSOME

 Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs)

5

PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA, PFUnDA

4

PFHxS, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA

 Brominated compounds (PBDEs)

0

 

1

PBDE 47

 Metal and essential elements

1

Hg

10

Hg, Cd, Pb, Cs, Cu, Mn, Co, Mo, Tl, Se

 Phthalates

6

MEP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, DEHPb, DiNPc

6

MEP, MiBP, MnBP, MBzP, DEHPb, DiNPc

 Phenols

5

PRPA, BUPA, BPA, OXBE, TCS

6

MEPA, ETPA, BUPA, BPA, OXBE, TCS

 Organochlorine pesticides (OCs)

3

PCBa, DDE, HCB

3

PCBa, DDE, HCB

 Organophosphate (OP) metabolites

3

DMP, DMTP, DEP

2

DMTP, DEP

 Tobacco

1

Cotinine

1

Cotinine

  1. BPA Bisphenol-A, BUPA Butyl-paraben, Cd Cadmium, Co cobalt, Cu copper, DDE Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene, DEHP Di EthylhexylPhthalate, DEP Diethyl phosphate, DMP Dimethyl phosphate, DMTP Dimethyl thiophosphate, ETPA Ethyl-paraben, HCB Hexachlorobenzene, Hg Mercury, KIDMED Mediterranean diet in children, MBzP Mono benzyl phthalate, DiNP Diisononyl phthalate, MEP Monoethyl phthalate, MEPA Methyl-paraben, Mo Molybdenum, MiBP Mono-iso butyl phthalate, NDVI Normalized difference vegetation index, NO2 Nitrogen dioxide, OCs organochlorine compound, OP organophosphate pesticide, OXBE Oxybenzone, Pb Plomb, PBDE Polybrominated diphenyl ether, PCB Polychlorobiphenyls, PFASs per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance, PFHxS Perfluorohexane sulfonate, PFNA Perfluorononanoate, PFOA Perfluorooctanoate, PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonate, PFUNDA Perfluoroundecanoate, PM Particulate matter, PRPA Propyl-paraben, Se Selenium, Tl Thalium, TRCS Triclosan, UV-Vit. D Vitamin-D dose from ultraviolet
  2. aPregnancy: PCB138 + PCB153 + PCB 180. Childhood: PCB118 + PCB 138 + PCB153 + PCB170 + PCB180
  3. bDEHP: molar sum of MEHP, MEHHP, MEOHP and MECPP
  4. cDiNP: molar sum of oxo-MiNP and oh-MiNP