Table 1 Descriptive statistics of UPSIDE participants included in the current analysis
|  | Participants contributing prenatal data (n = 243) | Participants contributing prenatal and postpartum data (n = 139)a |
|---|---|---|
Demographic and lifestyle measures- continuous | Mean (SD) | |
 Age (years) | 29.3 (4.4) | 30.0 (4.2) |
 Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 (7.2) | 27.1 (6.8) |
 Gestational age at delivery (wks) | 39.5 (1.4) | 39.7 (1.2) |
 Gestational age at PFAS measurement (wks) | 21.1 (1.8) | 21.1 (1.6) |
 Prenatal Energy Intake (kcal/day) | 2157.6 (311.8) | 2173.5 (323.3) |
 Postpartum Energy Intake (kcal/day) | - | 1946.1 (408.6) |
 Prenatal Physical Activity (METs/day) | 341.5 (173.9) | 338.8 (171.2) |
 Postpartum Physical Activity (METs/week) – 6 months | - | 371.4 (158.2) |
 Postpartum Physical Activity (METs/week) – 12 months | - | 391.5 (199.0) |
 Infant birthweight (grams) | 3386.6 (520.2) | 3464.4 (474.7) |
Demographic and lifestyle measures- categorical | n (%) | |
 Preterm birth | 13 (5.3) | 0 |
 Race/Ethnicity | ||
  Non-Hispanic White | 151 (62.1) | 96 (69.1) |
  Non-Hispanic Black | 51 (21.0) | 27 (19.4) |
  Other | 41 (16.9) | 16 (11.5) |
 Parity | ||
  Nulliparous | 81 (33.3) | 45 (32.4) |
  Parous | 162 (66.7) | 94 (67.6) |
 Education | ||
  HS or less | 78 (32.1) | 34 (24.5) |
  More than HS | 165 (67.9) | 105 (75.5) |
 Smoking during Pregnancy (any) | 15 (6.2) | 7 (5.0) |
 Infant sex (male) | 124 (51.0) | 74 (53.2) |
 Breastfeeding (any) – 6 months | - | 87 (70.2) |
 Breastfeeding (any) –12 months | - | 60 (57.7) |
Gestational weight gain measures (in kg) | Mean (SD) | |
 1st Trimester | 0.69 (2.29) | 0.66 (2.35) |
 Average weekly – 1st Trimester (kg/week) | 0.13 (0.34) | 0.13 (0.35) |
 2nd Trimester | 6.26 (3.22) | 6.51 (3.06) |
 Average weekly – 2 nd Trimester (kg/week) | 0.45 (0.23) | 0.47 (0.22) |
 3rd Trimester | 5.27 (3.06) | 5.47 (2.95) |
 Average weekly – 3 rd Trimester(kg/week) | 0.48 (0.28) | 0.49 (0.25) |
 Mid/Late | 11.53 (5.29) | 12.06 (4.96) |
 Average weekly – Mid/Late (kg/week) | 0.46 (0.21) | 0.48 (0.19) |
 Total | 12.22 (6.27) | 12.73 (6.05) |
 Average weekly – across pregnancy (kg/week) | 0.39 (0.20) | 0.40 (0.19) |
GWG by IOM recommendations | n (%) | |
 Less than IOM recommended | 50 (20.6) | 24 (18.0) |
 IOM recommended | 97 (39.9) | 56 (42.1) |
 Greater than IOM recommended | 96 (39.5) | 53 (39.8) |
Postpartum weight retention and adiposity | Mean (SD) | |
 Weeks since delivery – 6 months | - | 27.6 (3.8) |
 Weeks since delivery – 12 months | - | 55.4 (5.6) |
 Weight retention (kg) – 6 months | - | 0.98 (5.35) |
 Weight retention (kg) – 12 months | - | -0.02 (6.47) |
 Body fat (%) – 6 months | - | 31.9 (8.3) |
 Body fat (%) – 12 months | - | 31.8 (8.9) |