Table 4 Neuropsychological measures by Gulf War illness status

Attention/processing speed

CPT 3 Omissions

49.76(10.07)

48.56(0.76)

47.07, 50.05

47.27(9.36)

46.73(1.15)

44.46, 48.99

1.83

0.1349

CPT 3 Commissions*

53.38(10.52)

50.37(0.77)

48.85, 51.88

47.78(9.93)

47.45(1.17)

45.15, 49.75

2.92

0.0193

CPT 3 Hit Reaction Time Raw Score

421.44(81.76)

425.09(6.32)

412.66, 437.52

431.81(74.97)

425.56(9.60)

406.68, 444.45

-0.48

0.9628

D-KEFS trial 1 time (sec)*

32.6(7.82)

31.15(0.55)

30.08, 32.22

29.67(6.55)

28.98(0.85)

27.32, 30.65

2.17

0.0151

D-KEFS trial 1 self-corrected errors*

0.36(0.71)

0.34(0.05)

0.25, 0.44

0.17(0.41)

0.18(0.08)

0.04, 0.33

0.16

0.0427

D-KEFS trial 1 uncorrected errors

0.16(0.58)

0.10(0.04)

0.02, 0.18

0.07(0.46)

0.01(0.06)

-0.12, 0.14

0.09

0.1944

D-KEFS trial 2 time (sec)*

24.17(5.65)

23.21(0.39)

22.43, 23.98

21.57(4.40)

21.19(0.61)

20.00, 22.39

2.01

0.0017

D-KEFS trial 2 self-corrected errors

0.17(0.45)

0.19(0.03)

0.12, 0.25

0.17(0.43)

0.19(0.05)

0.09, 0.29

-0.01

0.9266

D-KEFS trial 2 uncorrected errors

0.05(0.26)

0.04(0.19)

-0.33, 0.41

0.52(5.03)

0.30(0.29)

-0.27, 0.88

-0.26

0.3890

TMT Trail A: Time (sec)

32.00(13.58)

25.30(0.98)

23.36, 27.25

27.46(10.02)

25.21(1.30)

22.63, 27.79

0.09

0.9494

Verbal Memory

CVLT-II Correct in Trials 1–5*

46.43(10.28)

47.97(0.73)

46.53, 49.41

50.52(9.79)

51.77(1.13)

49.54, 54.00

-3.8

0.0015

CVLT-II Correct in short delay free recall*

9.39(3.28)

9.88(0.23)

9.42, 10.33

10.56(3.04)

10.89(0.36)

10.18, 11.60

-1.0

0.0077

CVLT-II Correct in long delay free recall*

9.72(3.41)

10.22(0.25)

9.73, 10.70

10.93(3.17)

11.27(0.38)

10.51, 12.02

-1.1

0.0095

Executive Functioning

D-KEFS trial 3 time (sec)*

62.01(16.23)

60.11(1.14)

57.88, 62.35

57.71(14.88)

56.34(1.76)

52.88, 59.81

3.77

0.0420

D-KEFS trial 3 self-corrected errors

0.82(1.39)

0.75(0.10)

0.56, 0.94

0.59(1.00)

0.58(0.15)

0.28, 0.87

0.18

0.2696

D-KEFS trail 3 uncorrected errors

0.75(3.14)

0.65(0.21)

0.24, 1.07

0.37(1.13)

0.28(0.33)

-0.37, 0.93

0.37

0.2817

D-KEFS trial 4 time (sec)*

67.53(19.31)

65.02(1.35)

62.37, 67.67

60.68(15.80)

60.24(2.09)

56.13, 64.35

4.78

0.0300

D-KEFS trial 4 self-corrected errors

0.85(1.13)

0.89(0.08)

0.73, 1.04

0.63(0.85)

0.72(0.12)

0.47, 0.96

0.17

0.1995

D-KEFS trial 4 uncorrected errors

1.06(1.77)

0.87(0.22)

0.44, 1.31

1.14(5.05)

1.07(0.34)

0.39, 1.74

-0.20

0.5868

TMT Trail B: Time (sec)

73.50(29.44)

63.88(3.32)

57.32, 70.44

64.74(31.64)

57.55(4.40)

48.84, 66.25

6.33

0.2007