Bone resorption and environmental exposure to cadmium in children: a cross - sectional study

Table 2 Percent change in urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and calcium (Ca) for doubling in urinary Cd concentration

Biomarkers of bone resorption	Boys (n = 87)		Girls (n = 68)		Schoolchildren (n = 155)^a
	Effect Size* (95% CI)	p-value	Effect Size* (95% CI)	p-value	Effect Size* (95% CI)	p-value
Deoxypyridinoline, nmol/mmol crt^b	71 (33 - 121)	< 0.0001	86 (20 - 188)	0.007	72 (37 - 117)	< 0.0001
Deoxypyridinoline, nmol/mmol crt^c	80 (38 - 133)	< 0.0001	84 (18 - 186)	0.008	74 (38 - 121)	< 0.0001
Calcium, μmol/mmol crt^b	29 (3.0 - 61)	0.02	9.0 (-19 - 47)	0.5	21 (2.0 - 44)	0.02
Calcium, μmol/mmol crt^d	39 (9.0 - 77)	0.009	6.0 (-23 - 45)	0.7	24 (3.0 - 50)	0.02

*Regression coefficients (95% confidence [CI]) have been calculated for a doubling in the urinary cadmium concentration and expressed as % increase.
^a gender by Cd interaction on urinary levels of DPD and Ca indicated no effect-modification by gender (p for interaction ≥0.3).
^b adjusted for gender, age, height, weight and socioeconomic status.
^c adjusted for calcium, gender, age, height, weight and socioeconomic status.
^d adjusted for DPD, gender, age, height, weight and socioeconomic status.

ISSN: 1476-069X