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Table 4 Comparison of LE losses from long term studies, in days per 10 μg/m3.

From: How to determine life expectancy change of air pollution mortality: a time series study

Study

PM10

SO2

Comments

This paper:

regressions of concentrations, TS of Eq.7, but with sums over variable intervals Eq.11

13.1

13.4

Single pollutant regressions with 7 intervals of length 3k days, k = 0 to 6, adjustments before regression;

observation window 3 yr

This paper:

regressions of second differences of concentrations, Eq.14

19.2

(12.5 to 25.9)

19.7

(15.2 to 24.2)

Single pollutant regressions with 1096 coefficients G(i), adjustments before regression; observation window 3 yr

This paper:

regressions of second differences of concentrations, Eq.14

35.8

(21.8 to 49.8)

38.0

(27.4 to 48.6)

Single pollutant regressions with 1825 coefficients G(i), adjustments before regression; observation window 5 yr

This paper:

regressions of second differences of concentrations, Eq. 14

31.4

(25.6 to 37.2)

12.8

(8.9 to 16.8)

Single pollutant regressions with 1096 coefficients, adjustments within regression; observation window 3 yr

Elliott et al. [25]

39 × conversion factor black smoke/PM10

48

Eq.10 with numbers of Table 5 (but with time step 4 years instead of 1 day);

observation window 16 yr

Cohort studies, in particular Pope et al. [2], with calculation of LE loss by Rabl [11].

90 a

110 b

Mean concentration 28.8 μg/m3 for PM10 and 17.8 μg/m3 for SO2 in 1982-98

  1. Note that the estimates of this paper are only a lower bound because the G(i) have not yet leveled off.
  2. a) taking RR = 1.06 for 10 μg/m3 PM2.5 from Table 2 of Pope et al. [2] and assuming a factor 0.6 for the conversion from PM2.5 to PM10
  3. b) rough estimate, reading RR from Fig.5 of Pope et al. [2]
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X