Skip to main content

Table 3 Risks of environmental tobacco smoke exposure according to sociodemographic factors

From: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among South Korean adults: a cross-sectional study of the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

  Non Smoker Current Smoker
  ETS exposure in home ETS exposure in workplace ETS exposure in home ETS exposure in workplace
  OR (95% CI)b AORa(95% CI) OR (95% CI) AORa(95% CI) OR (95% CI) AORa(95% CI) OR (95% CI) AORa(95% CI)
Sex         
   Male 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
   Female 5.29 (4.24-6.61) 5.22 (4.08-6.67) 0.59 (0.50-0.69) 0.44 (0.37- 0.53) 3.69 (2.74-4.96) 3.62 (2.38-5.50) 0.60 (0.41-0.88) 0.62 (0.42-0.91)
Age (years)         
   19-29 2.13 (1.58-2.87) 2.60 (1.61-4.19) 1.01 (0.46-2.20) 1.94 (0.76-4.90) 1.71 (0.97-3.03) 1.69 (0.71-3.99) 2.04 (0.53-7.84) 10.20 (2.86-36.37)
   30-39 1.78 (1.33-2.40) 2.07 (1.35-3.16) 1.23 (0.56-2.66) 1.94 (0.80-4.67) 1.005 (0.56-1.77) 1.54 (0.68-3.47) 2.37 (0.62-8.98) 11.47 (3.31-39.76)
   40-49 1.70 (1.27-2.28) 1.65 (1.10-2.46) 1.48 (0.68-3.21) 1.86 (0.78-4.41) 0.82 (0.46-1.46) 1.30 (0.60-2.82) 2.10 (0.55-7.96) 8.33 (2.43-28.50)
   50-59 1.57 (1.15-2.14) 1.32 (0.90-1.92) 1.53 (0.70-3.34) 1.51 (0.63-3.57) 1.07 (0.59-1.95) 1.42 (0.69-2.94) 1.59 (0.41-6.12) 5.52 (1.62-18.81)
   60-69 0.96 (0.69-1.35) 0.85 (0.58-1.24) 1.02 (0.45-2.31) 0.94 (0.38-2.28) 0.84 (0.43-1.63) 1.20 (0.56-2.54) 2.14 (0.51-8.87) 4.18 (1.19-14.66)
   70+ 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
   P for trend <.0001 <.0001 0.07 0.001 0.006 <.0001 0.16 0.01
Education         
   College & above 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
   High 1.98 (1.64-2.39) 1.73 (1.38-2.17) 1.81 (1.52-2.17) 1.59 (1.27-1.98) 1.68 (1.22-2.32) 1.39 (0.94-2.06) 0.88 (0.71-1.09) 0.69 (0.53-0.91)
   Middle 1.88 (1.47-2.40) 2.30 (1.68-3.16) 2.46 (1.89-3.21) 2.54 (1.80-3.57) 2.11 (1.37-3.25) 2.12 (1.22-3.67) 0.64 (0.46-0.89) 0.70 (0.45-1.07)
   Elementary & less than 1.52 (1.23-1.87) 2.58 (1.85-3.59) 1.44 (1.11-1.87) 1.85 (1.28-2.68) 1.69 (1.14-2.51) 1.79 (0.99-3.22) 0.27 (0.19-0.37) 0.65 (0.40-1.03)
   P for trend 0.007 <.0001 <.0001 0.0003 0.005 0.01 0.06 0.16
Income         
   1(highest) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
   2 1.27 (1.04-1.54) 1.04 (0.84-1.29) 1.07 (0.87-1.32) 0.89 (0.72-1.11) 1.16 (0.80-1.66) 1.009 (0.68-1.48) 0.84 (0.64-1.10) 0.71 (0.52-0.96)
   3 1.38 (1.13-1.67) 1.09 (0.88-1.34) 1.25 (1.01-1.54) 0.97 (0.77-1.22) 1.07 (0.75-1.52) 0.86 (0.58-1.27) 0.82 (0.63-1.06) 0.67 (0.49-0.91)
   4(lowest) 1.30 (1.07-1.58) 0.99 (0.79-1.23) 1.35 (1.07-1.70) 0.98 (0.76-1.27) 1.02 (0.72-1.44) 0.71 (0.48-1.06) 0.55 (0.42-0.71) 0.51 (0.37-0.69)
   P for trend 0.005 0.83 0.003 0.81 0.91 0.06 0.09 0.94
Location of residence         
   Rural 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
   Urban 0.92 (0.78-1.09) 0.87 (0.72-1.07) 1.16 (0.93-1.45) 1.19 (0.93-1.51) 1.03 (0.77-1.38) 1.04 (0.74-1.47) 1.15 (0.84-1.56) 0.74 (0.56-0.99)
Marital status         
   Never married 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
   Married 0.91 (0.76-1.09) 0.84 (0.62-1.16) 1.26 (1.04-1.53) 0.95 (0.70-1.30) 0.49 (0.37-0.63) 0.47 (0.32-0.71) 1.26 (1.02-1.57) 1.62 (1.17-2.23)
   Others 0.47 (0.36-0.62) 0.36 (0.24-0.53) 1.17 (0.87-1.59) 0.93 (0.61-1.42) 0.44 (0.29-0.69) 0.22 (0.12-0.42) 0.44 (0.31-0.63) 0.96 (0.59-1.57)
Occupation         
   Legislator, senior officials and manager,professionals,technicians and associate professionals 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
   Clerks 2.10 (1.43-3.11) 1.50 (1.001-2.27) 1.88 (1.46-2.42) 1.83 (1.40-2.40) 1.07 (0.56-2.03) 1.01 (0.52-1.98) 4.50 (3.21-6.31) 2.63 (1.82-3.78)
   Service and sales workers 3.01 (2.12-4.28) 1.98 (1.33-2.94) 2.74 (2.18-3.46) 2.52 (1.91-3.33) 1.90 (1.12-3.24) 1.28 (0.68-2.38) 8.77 (6.53-11.78) 8.02 (5.75-11.16)
   Skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery 1.95 (1.28-2.97) 1.52 (0.92-2.50) 0.77 (0.36-1.68) 0.71 (0.31-1.62) 1.18 (0.57-2.46) 1.20 (0.50-2.87) 0.20 (0.08-0.51) 0.35 (0.13-0.93)
   Craft and related trades workers/Plant, machine operators and Assemblers/Manual laborer 2.66 (1.87-3.78) 2.28 (1.51-3.43) 2.57 (2.03-3.24) 1.86 (1.39-2.49) 1.80 (1.09-2.94) 1.55 (0.85-2.80) 5.33 (4.17-6.81) 5.45 (4.06-7.31)
   Students 2.78 (1.80-4.30) 1.24 (0.74-2.08) - - 2.34 (1.10-4.99) 0.93 (0.37-2.29) - -
   Housewives 3.79 (2.72-5.27) 1.89 (1.29-2.76) - - 18.76 (8.86-39.71) 6.34 (2.54-15.85) - -
   Unemployed 1.50 (1.03-2.18) 1.78 (1.15-2.77) - - 1.81 (1.06-3.08) 1.58 (0.82-3.02) - -
  1. a Adjusted for sex, age, education, income location of residence, marital status, and occupation
  2. b OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval
Back to article page

Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X