Risk assessment of diesel exhaust and lung cancer: combining human and animal studies after adjustment for biases in epidemiological studies

Table 2 Selected DE^a-Related Rat Studies on Lung Tumorgenicity.

Study	Exposure Duration	DE concentration during exposure (mg/m³)	30-month average continuous concentration (μg/m³)	No. of animals examined	No. of animals with lung tumors	% of animals with lung tumors
Nikula et al. [31]	80 hours/week,	0	0	214	3	1.4
	24 months	2.44	930	210	17	8.1
		6.33	2400	212	55	25.9
Brightwell et al. [29]	80 hours/week	0	0	250	4	1.6
	24 months	0.70	270	112	1	8.9
		2.20	840	112	14	12.5
		6.60	2500	111	55	49.6
Mauderly et al. [32]	35 hours/week	0	0	230	2	0
	30 months	0.35	73	223	3	0.35
		3.5	730	222	8	3.5
		7.08	1,480	227	29	7.08

ISSN: 1476-069X