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Table 1 Characteristics of participants in the study.

From: Relationships between heavy metal concentrations in three different body fluids and male reproductive parameters: a pilot study

 

Case subjects (n = 30)

Control subjects (n = 31)

 
 

Mean (±SD)

Mean (±SD)

P value

Education

 

   % Low

30%

26%

NS

   % Medium

56%

55%

NS

   % High

14%

19%

NS

Alcohol consumption (drinks1/week)

6.5 (2.4)

6.8 (2.7)

NS

Smoking (cigarettes/day)

18.6 (15.6)

13.2 (2.9)

NS

Semen parameters2

  

   Seminal volume (mL)

3.8 (1.2)

3.5 (1.4)

 

   Sperm count (106/mL)

3.3 (4.1)

39.5 (14.6)

 

   % Motile sperm (A+B)

27.4 (18.6)

52.2 (12.3)

 

   % Normal morphology

3.7 (1.5)

22.3 (4.5)

 

   Total sperm count (106)

12.6 (9.1)

151 (71.9)

 
  1. SD: standard deviation
  2. NS: not significant
  3. 1One drink : 33 cL beer, 10 cL wine or 33 cL liquor.
  4. 2Average of two samples; no significant differences were found between the first and second samples within cases or controls.