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Table 5 Proportional change in personal endotoxin exposures related to predictors (household and subject characteristics) in 45 children with asthma

From: Personal endotoxin exposure in a panel study of school children with asthma

Household and subject characteristics

N or Mean (min-max)

Adjusted coefficient (95% CI)1,2

Number of dogs

1.31 (0 - 4)

1.96 (1.43, 2.68)#

Residence of dogs

  

   No dogs

14

1.00 (referent)

   Often Indoors

8

1.20 (0.38, 3.78)

   Occas. Indoors

12

4.30 (1.50, 12.27)#

   Outdoor Only

11

2.41 (0.77, 7.55)

Number of cats

0.69 (0 - 5)

1.61 (1.19, 2.18)#

Residence of cats

  

   No cats

31

1.00 (referent)

   Often Indoors

10

2.99 (1.14, 7.89)**

   Occas. Indoors

2

3.56 (0.53, 23.79)

   Outdoor Only

2

2.51 (0.36, 17.57)

Number of residents

4.75 (2 - 7)

1.27 (0.97, 1.65)*

Carpeting

  

   < 50%

19

1.00 (referent)

   ≥ 50%

26

0.55 (0.22, 1.37)

Age of carpeting

  

   < median years

21

1.00 (referent)

   ≥ median years

18

1.95 (0.78, 4.86)

Frequency of carpet cleaning

  

   Never/don't know

11

1.00 (referent)

   Every 3 years or more

3

0.31 (0.05, 1.90)

   More than every 3 years

28

0.89 (0.31, 2.53)

Remove shoes in house

  

   No

41

1.00 (referent)

   Yes, frequent exceptions

2

0.56 (0.08, 4.15)

   Yes, few or no exceptions

2

0.61 (0.08, 4.70)

Cockroaches in the home

  

   No

29

1.00 (referent)

   Yes

16

1.54 (0.66, 3.58)

Rodents or droppings

  

   No

39

1.00 (referent)

   Yes

6

0.48 (0.15, 1.55)

Flooding damage

  

   No

28

1.00 (referent)

   Yes

17

4.48 (1.96, 10.26)#

Mold/mildew on surfaces

  

   No

12

1.00 (referent)

   Yes

33

1.34 (0.51, 3.54)

Livestock

  

   No

43

1.00 (referent)

   Yes

2

0.45 (0.06, 3.44)

Central air-conditioning

  

   No

7

1.00 (referent)

   Yes

38

0.55 (0.17, 1.81)

Sex

  

   Female

15

1.00 (referent)

   Male

30

0.43 (0.19, 0.99)**

Age

  

   13-18 years

31

1.00 (referent)

   9-12 years

14

1.18 (0.48, 2.90)

Race

  

   White non-Hispanic

14

1.00 (referent)

   Hispanic

23

0.39 (0.15, 1.05)*

   Black

8

0.77 (0.22, 2.68)

Mothers education

  

   More than high school

31

1.00 (referent)

   High school or less

14

1.23 (0.51, 2.97)

Family income

  

   >50,000

21

1.00 (referent)

   30,000-50,000

11

1.96 (0.63, 6.11)

   Up to $30,000

13

0.61 (0.24, 1.58)

  1. * p < 0.10, ** p < 0.05, # p < 0.01
  2. 1Because the dependent variable (personal or indoor endotoxin) was log transformed, we exponentiated the regression coefficient of the predictor, thus yielding the proportional change in endotoxin exposure and 95% confidence interval (CI).
  3. 2Adjusted for personal temperature, personal relative humidity and study region.