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Table 3 Final Covariates of Excluded and Modeled Participants

From: The association of remotely-sensed outdoor temperature with blood pressure levels in REGARDS: a cross-sectional study of a large, national cohort of African-American and white participants

Characteristics

Missing

Excluded Participants

Participants in the Final Model

P-value

 

N

N (%)

N (%)

 

Total

 

5245 (20%)

20773 (80%)

 

Outcome Variables

    

   SBP mmHg (SD)

0

127.8 (18.8)

128.2 (16.7)

0.20

   DBP mmHg (SD)

0

77.1 (22.8)

76.8 (9.6)

0.43

Meteorological Variables

    

   Same day maximum temp, lower by 20°F (mean, SD)

0

70.4 (17.0)

70.6 (16.8)

0.52

   Same day minimum temp, lower by 20°F (mean, SD)

0

55.2 (17.1)

55.2 (16.8)

0.76

   Maximum temp variability, by SD increase (mean, SD)

0

2.0 (1.0)

2.0 (1.0)

0.008

   Minimum temp variability, by SD increase (mean, SD)

0

2.2 (1.0)

2.1 (1.0)

<.0001

   Season

    

Summer

 

1450 (28%)

5872 (28%)

 

Fall

0

1400 (27%)

5721 (28%)

0.003

Winter

 

1289 (25%)

4601 (22%)

 

Spring

 

1106 (21%)

4579 (22%)

 

Demographics

    

   Age, years (mean, SD)

 

65.3 (9.4)

65.7 (9.3)

0.004

   Male

5

2251 (43%)

9481 (46%)

0.0005

   Black Race

8

1926 (37%)

3311 (43%)

<.0001

   Region

    

Stroke Buckle

 

1195 (23%)

3605 (17%)

 

Stroke Belt

0

2010 (38%)

7343 (35%)

<.0001

Non-Belt

 

2040 (39%)

9825 (47%)

 

   Population Density

    

Urban

 

2916 (56%)

1952 (9%)

 

Mixed

0

418 (8%)

2071 (10%)

<.0001

Rural

 

1911 (36%)

16750 (81%)

 

SES Factors

    

   Education < = 8th Grade

24

726 (14%)

2686 (13%)

0.06

   Income

    

< $20 k

 

1069 (20%)

3957 (19%)

 

$20 k-$35 k

0

1318 (25%)

5112 (25%)

 

$35 k-$75 k

 

1472 (28%)

6186 (30%)

0.0008

>= $75 k

 

721 (14%)

3135 (15%)

 

refused

 

665 (13%)

2483 (12%)

 

Health Behaviors

    

   Smoking Status

    

Never

 

2376 (46%)

9170 (44%)

 

Current

97

764 (15%)

3045 (15%)

0.01

Past

 

2008 (39%)

8558 (41%)

 

   Alcohol use (never)

0

1704 (32%)

6107 (29%)

<.0001

Co-morbidities

    

   BMI

    

Underweight/Normal

362

1210 (25%)

5183 (25%)

 

Overweight

 

1798 (37%)

7677 (40%)

0.92

Obese

 

1875 (38%)

7913 (38%)

 

   Hyperlipidemia

19

4085 (78%)

18848 (91%)

<.0001

   Diabetes

895

980 (23%)

4565 (22%)

0.42

  1. SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; SD = standard deviation; High Temp = high temperatures; Low Temp = low temperatures
  2. P-values for categorical variables provided from a chi squared test statistic
  3. P-Values provided from a pooled t-test statistic or Satterwaithe t-test calculated for each variable by inclusion status. The test was chosen depending on the results for a Folded f equality of variances test.