Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased prevalence of diabetes: a cross-sectional study in the Zimapán and Lagunera regions in Mexico

Table 2 Descriptive statistics for exposure to iAs in drinking water and iAs metabolites in urine

Exposure to iAs in Water	N^a	Range		AM	GM	GSD
iAs, current concentration (ppb)	258	3.1	215.2	42.9	24.4	2.9
iAs, cumulative exposure 1993-2008 (ppm.years)	255	0.0	6.73	1.8	1.3	2.3
iAs, cumulative exposure 1993-1997 (ppm.years)	255	0.0	5.8	0.7	0.5	2.8
iAs, cumulative exposure 1998-2002 (ppm.years)	255	0.0	4.5	0.6	0.5	2.3
iAs, cumulative exposure 2002-2007 (ppm.years)	255	0.0	1.2	0.5	0.4	2.1
*Metabolites of iAs in Urine (ng/mL)*
tAs	256	2.3	233.7	41.2	24.7	2.8
iAs^III	257	0.1	37.2	4.2	2.1	3.4
MAs^III	257	ND	2.4	0.4	0.1	2.3
DMAs^III	257	ND	64.8	4.7	0.9	3.2
iAs^V	257	ND	32.9	1.4	1.5	4.7
MAs^V	257	0.1	36.2	5.0	1.1	1.1
DMAs^V	257	0.1	162.6	22.5	2.4	1.3
DMAs/MAs ratio	257	0.4	26.4	5.6	4.8	1.7
MAs/iAs ratio	257	0.0	5.1	1.3	1.1	2.0

Abbreviations: AM, arithmetic mean; GM, geometric mean; GSD, geometric standard deviation; ND, not detected.
^a All 258 subjects provided sample of drinking water for iAs analysis; urine samples were collected from 257 subjects and analyzed for As species; only 256 urine samples were analyzed for tAs; cumulative exposure was calculated for 255 subjects.

ISSN: 1476-069X