Table 2 Mean urinary cadmium and renal biomarker values

Cadmium, μg/l†

0.80 (0.73 - 0.88)

Cadmium/creatinine, μg/g creat†

0.76 (0.70 - 0.84)

KIM-1, pg/ml*

569 (498 - 651)

KIM-1/creatinine, μg/g creat*

0.55 (0.49 - 0.62)

α1-microglobulin, mg/l†

3.19 (2.58 - 3.91)

α1-microglobulin/creatinine, mg/g creat†

2.97 (2.42 - 3.64)

Proteins, mg/l*

71.80 (63.81 - 80.80)

Proteins/creatinine, mg/g creat*

66.61 (59.99 - 73.95)

Albumin, mg/dl*

8.73 (7.46 - 10.21)

Albumin/creatinine, mg/g creat*

8.43 (7.32 - 9.70)

β2-microglobulin, mg/l‡

0.12 (0.11 - 0.13)

β2-microglobulin/creatinine, mg/g creat‡

0.12 (0.11 - 0.13)

BUN, mg/dl†

35.94 (34.47 - 37.46)

Urinary creatinine, mg/dl*

104.9 (96.55 - 114.0)