Longitudinal variability of time-location/activity patterns of population at different ages: a longitudinal study in California

Wu, Xiangmei; Bennett, Deborah H; Lee, Kiyoung; Cassady, Diana L; Ritz, Beate; Hertz-Picciotto, Irva

doi:10.1186/1476-069X-10-80

Environmental Health

Table 2 Variation of time spent in selected microenvironments or activities (Only results with statistical significance p < 0.05 are shown.)^a

From: Longitudinal variability of time-location/activity patterns of population at different ages: a longitudinal study in California

Variables	Age group	Model^b	Daytype^c	Season	Longitudinal	Sex^d	Age^e	ICC	O/D correlation
	Children	O	WE > WD	cool > warm				0.24	r = 0.82 p = 0.0003
		D	WE > WD				decreasing	0.15
Home^f	Parents	O					decreasing	0.20	r = 0.88 p < 0.0001
		D	WE > WD					0.25
	Older	O						0.39	r = 0.50 p = 0.0734
		D	WE > WD					0.17
	Children	O	WD > WE	warm > cool				0.20	r = 0.48 p = 0.0285
		D			increasing			0.16
Transit	Parents	O		warm > cool	increasing		increasing	0.25	r = 0.72 p = 0.0013
		D	WD > WE					0.15
	Older	O						0.27	r = 0.49 p = 0.1289
		D		warm > cool				0.14
Places for work, shopping, eating, errands	Children	O	WE > WD					0.10	r = -0.12 p = 0.6544
		D						0.21
	Parents	O	WD > WE					0.24	r = 0.43 p = 0.0187
		D	WD > WE			M > F		0.30
	Older	O	WD > WE					0.14	r = 0.50 p = 0.0983
		D	WD > WE				decreasing	0.19
Other locations	Children	O	WE > WD	warm > cool				0.11	r = 0.45 p = 0.2407
		D	WE > WD					0.07^g
	Parents	O	WE > WD	warm > cool			increasing	0.19	r = 0.49 p = 0.0990
		D	WE > WD	warm > cool				0.09^hg
	Older	O						0.39	r = 0.69 p = 0.6360
		D	WE > WD					0.01^g
Sleep (activity)	Children		WE > WD		decreasing		decreasing	0.24	N/A
	Parents		WE > WD				decreasing	0.18	N/A
	Older		WE > WD					0.21	N/A
School	C	O	WD > WE				increasing	0.20	r = 0.47 p = 0.0738
		D	WD > WE			F > M		0.38
Work (activity)	All adults	O	WD > WE		decreasing			0.41	r = 0.61 p = 0.0021
		D	WD > WE				decreasing	0.43
Office	All	O	WD > WE					0.41	r = 0.97 p < 0.0001
		D	WD > WE	cool > warm				0.74
Food store	All	O				F > M	increasing	0.14	r = -0.72 p = 0.0082
		D	WE > WD					0.18
Multipurpose store	All	O			decreasing			0.20	r = 0.16 p = 0.6001
		D			decreasing			0.20
Other store/Shopping mall	All	O	WE > WD				increasing	0.17	r = -0.44 p = 0.1130
		D			decreasing			0.32
Restaurant	All	O	WE > WD				increasing	0.24	r = 0.43 p = 0.0286
		D	WE > WD					0.22
Public park	All	O	WE > WD	warm > cool			decreasing	0.28	r = -0.19 p = 0.5821
		D	WE > WD	warm > cool		M > F	increasing	0.06^g
Health club	All	O	WD > WE	cool > warm				0.43	r = -0.68 p = 0.1107
		D	WE > WD			M > F	increasing	0.13^g

^a Only participants who completed diaries in two or more waves were included in this analysis.
^b Given that the time-location/activity data clump at zero, mixed-distribution mixed-effects model was used except for time spent on sleep. The mixed-distribution mixed-effects model consists of two parts: whether an individual spent time at a location (occurrence - O) and how long he/she spent at that location (duration - D) (Tooze et al., 2002; Xie et al., 2004). The generalized linear mixed-effects model was used for time spent on sleep.
^c weekday (WD) vs. weekend (WE). ^d male (M) vs. female (F). ^e increasing: older > younger; decreasing: older < younger
^f Time spent at respondents' own home was transformed using (1440 - time spent at home), thus a zero value means an individual spent a whole day at home. ^g Random effect is not statistically significant at α = 0.05.

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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