Table 1 Baseline anthropometric, metabolic characteristics and levels of adipokines corresponding to BPA level in study subjects
| Â | Â | Groupa | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | All (n = 97) | High BPA (n = 62) | Low BPA (n = 35) | p d |
Anthropometric characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
   Pregnant women |  |  |  |  |
Age (years) | 28.8 ± 3.7 | 29.2 ± 2.9 | 29.1 ± 3.9 | 0.43 |
Height (cm) | 160.9 ± 5.2 | 158.7 ± 4.7 | 161.9 ± 5.1 | 0.31 |
Weight (kg) | 65.3 ± 11.2 | 64.2 ± 11.0 | 66.7 ± 11.5 | 0.35 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 25.4 ± 3.6 | 25.5 ± 4.3 | 0.85 |
Smoking | Â | Â | Â | 0.69 |
Yes | 12 (13%) | 8 (13%) | 4 (11%) | Â |
No | 85 (87%) | 54 (87%) | 31(89%) | Â |
Alcohol | Â | Â | Â | 0.78 |
Yes | 7 (7%) | 4 (6%) | 1 (3%) | Â |
No | 90 (90%) | 58 (94%) | 34 (97%) | Â |
Socioeconomic status | Â | Â | Â | 0.97 |
High | 26 (27%) | 16 (26%) | 9 (26%) | Â |
Medium | 24 (25%) | 10 (18%) | 8 (23%) | Â |
Low | 47 (48%) | 35 (56%) | 18 (51%) | Â |
TC (mg/dl) | 218.9 ± 80.5 | 187.3 ± 101.2 | 232 ± 68.4 | < 0.05 |
TRG (mg/dl) | 144.4 ± 54.9 | 142.3 ± 62.4 | 145.2 ± 52.8 | 0.59 |
HDL (mg/dl) | 42.9 ± 13.6 | 47.3 ± 15.0 | 41.3 ± 13.0 | 0.36 |
LDL (mg/dl) | 148.5 ± 72.1 | 115.6 ± 93.7 | 161.4 ± 59.3 | < 0.05 |
BPA level (ng/ml)b | 5.4 ± 6.3 | 11.7 ± 6.4 | 2.1 ± 1.6 | < 0.01 |
Adiponectin protein (μg/ml) | 6. 6 ± 4.7 | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 6.8 ± 5.2 | 0.85 |
Leptin protein (ng/ml) | 17.9 ± 13.9 | 17.6 ± 12.5 | 18.6 ± 14.9 | 0.81 |
   Neonates |  |  |  |  |
Birth weight (g) | 3109.6 ± 318.9 | 3067.9 ± 356.4 | 3212.9 ± 241.2 | 0.13 |
Gestation age (weeks) | 38.9 ± 1.1 | 38.9 ± 1.1 | 38.6 ± 1.2 | 0.57 |
Infant sex | Â | Â | Â | 0.18 |
Male | 56 (57.7%) | 32 (51.6%) | 24 (68.6%) | Â |
Female | 41 (42.37%) | 30 (48.4%) | 11 (31.4%) | Â |
BPA level (ng/ml)c | 1.1 ± 2.2 | 0.5 ± 0.6 | 1.4 ± 2.9 | 0.12 |
Adiponectin protein (μg/ml) | 21.3 ± 8.2 | 22.1 ± 8.6 | 21.1 ± 8.2 | 0.53 |
Leptin protein (ng/ml) | 4.6 ± 3.5 | 4.6 ± 4.1 | 4.7 ± 3.3 | 0.73 |