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Table 3 Odds Ratio (95% CI) for CVD associated with household solid fuel use

From: In-home solid fuel use and cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional analysis of the Shanghai Putuo study

 

Hypertension

 

CHD

 

Stroke

 

Diabetes

 
 

Model 1†

Model 2‡

Model 1†

Model 2‡

Model 1†

Model 2‡

Model 1†

Model 2‡

Solid fuel use

        

   Case/non-case

2,545/10,893

 

546/12,892

 

313/13,125

 

652/12,786

 

   Ever

1.91 (1.58 to 2.30)

1.70 (1.40 to 2.07)

2.56 (1.53 to 4.28)

2.58 (1.53 to 4.32)

1.72 (0.87 to 3.40)

1.60 (0.80 to 3.21)

2.72 (1.75 to 4.23)

2.48 (1.59 to 3.86)

   Never

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Duration (yr, tertile)

        

   Case/non-case

2,536/10,837

 

544/12,829

 

312/13,061

 

650/12,723

 

   > 25

1.98 (1.67 to 2.35)

1.73 (1.45 to 2.06)

1.48 (1.01 to 2.16)

1.46 (0.99 to 2.15)

2.02 (1.13 to 3.61)

1.87 (1.03 to 3.38)

3.52 (2.35 to 5.28)

3.18 (2.11 to 4.78)

   10-25

1.69 (1.43 to 2.00)

1.51 (1.27 to 1.79)

1.96 (1.34 to 2.85)

1.93 (1.32 to 2.82)

1.51 (0.81 to 2.80)

1.45 (0.78 to 2.71)

3.05 (2.04 to 4.56)

2.83 (1.88 to 4.24)

   < 10

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.698

0.727

0.006

0.017

< 0.001

< 0.001

Total amount (1000 × kg, tertile)

        

   Case/non-case

1,893/8,853

 

369/10,377

 

231/10,515

 

480/10,266

 

   > 16.72

1.79 (1.49 to 2.16)

1.62 (1.34 to 1.97)

1.27 (0.81 to 1.99)

1.29 (0.82 to 2.04)

1.71 (0.95 to 3.10)

1.62 (0.89 to 2.96)

2.87 (1.86 to 4.41)

2.64 (1.71 to 4.08)

   4-16.72

1.65 (1.37 to 1.98)

1.49 (1.23 to 1.80)

2.36 (1.52 to 3.66)

2.39 (1.53 to 3.73)

1.19 (0.63 to 2.24)

1.13 (0.60 to 2.15)

2.97 (1.93 to 4.56)

2.78 (1.80 to 4.26)

   < 4

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.103

0.125

0.014

0.023

< 0.001

0.001

Lifetime average amount, kg/year

        

   Case/non-case

1,893/8,853

 

369/10,377

 

231/10,515

 

480/10,266

 

   > 340

1.52 (1.29 to 1.78)

1.43 (1.21 to 1.68)

0.77 (0.55 to 1.09)

0.78 (0.55 to 1.10)

1.38 (0.89 to 2.14)

1.34 (0.86 to 2.10)

1.84 (1.33 to 2.54)

1.74 (1.25 to 2.41)

   81.8-340

1.35 (1.15 to 1.59)

1.28 (1.08 to 1.50)

1.38 (1.00 to 1.91)

1.38 (0.99 to 1.90)

0.96 (0.60 to 1.53)

0.95 (0.59 to 1.52)

1.99 (1.44 to 2.75)

1.92 (1.38 to 2.65)

   < 81.8

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

Reference

   P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.004

0.006

0.030

0.044

0.006

0.016

  1. † Adjusted for age and gender.
  2. ‡ Adjusted for age, gender, education level (less than high school, high school, above college or more), smoking (current, former, never), SHS (ever and never), pack-years, BMI ( < 18.5, 18.5-24.9, ≥ 25.0), and waist circumference.
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Environmental Health

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