The upper midwest health study: a case–control study of pesticide applicators and risk of glioma

Table 2 Risk of glioma and years of use of farm pesticide by type and target among applicators and nonusers in the Upper Midwest Health Study

Pesticide	Including proxy respondents					Excluding proxy respondents
Type and Target	Cases (n = 798)		Controls (n = 1,175)			Cases (n = 438)		Controls (n = 1,141)
	n^a	Years of use^b	n	Years of use	OR^c (95 % CI)	n	Years of use	n	Years of use	OR (95 % CI)
Insecticide use	196	1.20 (3.30)	361	1.26 (2.93)	0.97 (0.92, 1.03)	109	0.96 (2.23)	353	1.27 (2.96)	0.97 (0.89, 1.05)
Animals	77	2.55 (4.69)	166	2.30 (3.83)	0.97 (0.92, 1.03)	44	1.94 (2.90)	163	2.31 (3.86)	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)
Crops	64	0.45 (1.16)	140	0.58 (2.02)	0.88 (0.68, 1.13)	38	0.43 (1.37)	136	0.59 (2.05)	0.94 (0.71, 1.25)
Buildings/Lots	46	1.92 (4.64)	122	1.49 (3.13)	0.97 (0.89, 1.06)	28	1.07 (2.24)	118	1.50 (3.18)	0.94 (0.79, 1.11)
Herbicide use	160	0.26 (0.74)	265	0.41 (0.98)	0.78 (0.59, 1.01)	90	0.25 (0.68)	260	0.42 (0.99)	0.81 (0.58, 1.14)
Fungicide use	29	0.12 (0.28)	45	0.15 (0.38)	0.81 (0.21, 3.17)	19	0.16 (0.33)	45	0.15 (0.38)	1.41 (0.36, 5.56)

^aNumbers of participants reported any use of farm pesticide, and if applicable, on a target. All other study participants are nonusers.
^bMean (and standard deviation) of cumulative years of use. Cumulative years of use is calculated as reported years of use times days/year (maximum truncated at 250 days/year) divided by 365.25 as the exposure variable. It is calculated for all uses in a pesticide/target category by an applicator then summed for the applicator.
^cOdds ratio (and 95 % confidence intervals) per cumulative year of use, adjusted for matching variables (10-year age group, sex) and for age, and education.

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