An ecological quantification of the relationships between water, sanitation and infant, child, and maternal mortality

Table 3 Adjusted Multivariable Regressions

	Coefficient (95% Confidence interval (CI))	p-value
Predictor: proportion of population with access to improved water source ^a
Under-five mortality rate^b (per 1 000 live births)	-1.17 (-1.26,-1.08)^f	< 0.001
% under-five mortality due to diarrhea^{a, c}	OR: 0.46 (0.30, 0.70)^g	< 0.001
IMR^b (per 1 000 live births)	-1.14 (-1.23,-1.05)	0.001
MMR^{a, e} (per 100 000 live births)	OR: 0.58 (0.39, 0.86)	0.008
Predictor: proportion of population with access to improved sanitation ^a
Under-five mortality rate^b (per 1 000 live births)	-1.66 (-1.32,-1.11)	< 0.001
% under-five mortality due to diarrhea^{a, c}	OR: 0.66 (0.41, 1.05)	0.08
IMR^d (per 1 000 live births)	-1.66 (-1.32,-1.11)	< 0.001
MMR^{a, e} (per 100 000 live births)	OR: 0.52 (0.32, 0.85)	0.009

^avariable divided into quartiles
^blinear regression, controlled for GNI, fertility per woman, maternal mortality ratio, region of the world
^cordinal logistic regression, controlled for GNI, deaths due to diarrhea (1 000 s), MMR, region of the world
^dlinear regression GNI, fertility per woman, MMR, region of the world
^eordinal logistic regression controlled for GNI, fertility per woman,% births attended by skilled health personnel, region of the world
^fSample interpretation: under-five mortality rate is seen to decrease by 1.17 (95%CI 1.08, 1.26) with increasing quartile of percent of population with improved water access
^gSample interpretation: the estimated odds ratio that increased population quartile access to water is significantly associated with increased odds of under-five child mortality due to diarrhea is 0.46 (95%CI 0.30, 0.70)

ISSN: 1476-069X