Figure 2
From: Developmental origins of non-communicable disease: Implications for research and public health
Common mechanisms of nutritional disturbance and environmental chemicals. Both nutritional unbalance and exposure to environmental chemicals can alter hormonal regulation, metabolic pathways, cellular plasticity and a variety of stress signals such oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. These influence epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone post translational regulation and noncoding RNA expression. However, these epigenetic effects in turn alter cellular and physiological pathways which may exacerbate their effects, ultimately leading to long term effects and children or adult diseases