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Table 2 Characteristics of Study Participants

From: Genetic variation in Glutathione S-Transferase Omega-1, Arsenic Methyltransferase and Methylene-tetrahydrofolate Reductase, arsenic exposure and bladder cancer: a case–control study

Characteristic

Bladder Cancer Cases n = 219

Controls n = 273

p-value*

Age (in years)†

66.5 (+/− 9.4)

66.7 (+/− 10.0)

0.85

Gender

   

Males

169 (77.2%)

195 (71.4%)

 

Females

50 (23.8%)

78 (28.6%)

0.15

Race

   

White

206 (94.1%)

260 (95.1%)

 

Black

5 (2.3%)

2 (0.8%)

 

Other

8 (3.7%)

11 (4.0%)

0.35

Smoking

   

Ever smoked

172 (78.5%)

146 (53.5%)

 

Never smoked

47 (21.5%)

127 (46.5%)

<0.0001*

Pack years smoked †∞

33.2 (+/− 22.7)

24.4 (+/− 19.8)

0.003*

Arsenic concentration in water (TWA) in μg/L**

   
 

1.31 (3.37)

1.44 (3.27)

0.45

  1. * Derived from either Chi-square or Wilcoxon-Rank Sum test.
  2. TWA = Time-Weighted Average.
  3. † Mean (± standard deviation).
  4. ∞ Among smokers.
  5. ** Median (interquartile range).