Table 1 Characteristics of 52 061 study participants, those who died during follow-up and those exposed to low and high levels of NO 2 at their residences (See Additional file 2 : Table S1 , Additional file 2 for further characteristics)
Characteristica | Cohort | All-cause deathsb | NO2 c<19.0 μg/m3 | NO2≥19.0 μg/m3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% (No.) | Median (5–95 percentile) | % (No.) | Median (5–95 percentile) | % (No.) | Median (5–95 percentile) | % (No.) | Median (5–95 percentile) | |
All participants | 100% (52 061) | 10.6% (5534) | 75.0% (39 045) | 25.0% (13 016) | ||||
Age at baseline (years) | 56.1 (50.7-64.1) | 59.1 (51.2-64.7) | 56.1 (50.7-64.1) | 56.2 (50.7-64.2) | ||||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 47.5% (24 734) | 59.5% (3 292) | 48.0% (18 734) | 46.1% (6 000) | ||||
Female | 52.5% (27 327) | 40.5% (2 242) | 52.0% (20 311) | 53.9% (7 016) | ||||
School attendance (years) | ||||||||
< 8 | 32.8% (17 064) | 42.2% (2 349) | 32.4% (12 653) | 33.9% (4 411) | ||||
8-10 | 46.2% (24 066) | 41.1 % (2 274) | 46.5% (18 169) | 45.3% (5 897) | ||||
> 10 | 21.0% (10 931) | 16.5% (911) | 21.1% (8 223) | 20.8% (2 708) | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.5 (20.4-33.3) | 26.0 (19.8-34.6) | 25.5 (20.5-33.1) | 25.6 (20.3-33.9) | ||||
Physical activity (sport) | ||||||||
No | 45.7% (23 787) | 60.4% (3 345) | 43.8% (17 104) | 51.3% (6 683) | ||||
Yes (h/week) | 54.3% (28 274) | 2.0 (0.5-7.0) | 39.6% (2 189) | 2.0 (0.5-7.0) | 56.2% (21 941) | 2.0 (0.5-6.5) | 48.7% (6 333) | 2.0 (0.5-7.0) |
Smoking | ||||||||
Never | 36.0% (18 766) | 18.4% (1 021) | 37.5% (14 667) | 31.5% (4 099) | ||||
Former | 27.6% (14 354) | 22.6% (1 249) | 28.5% (11 107) | 24.9% (3 247) | ||||
Current | 36.4% (18 941) | 59.0% (3 264) | 34.0% (13 271) | 43.5% (5 670) | ||||
Intensity (g/day) d | 14.8 (3.8-34.4) | 17.3 (6.0-36.7) | 14.6 (3.7-34.6) | 15.2 (4.0-34.1) | ||||
Duration (years) d | 33.0 (7.0-46.0) | 38.0 (12.0-49.0) | 32.0 (7.0-46.0) | 34.0 (8.0-46.0) | ||||
Fruit and vegetable intake (g/day) | 312 (96.0-734) | 265 (71.8 -704) | 315 (101-726) | 301 (85.0 -754) | ||||
Cardiovascular disease at enrolment (any of the five below) | 23.1% (12 015) | 33.0% (1 828) | 23.0% (8 973) | 23.4% (3 042) | ||||
Myocardial infarction | 2.0% (1 061) | 6.4% (356) | 2.0% (768) | 2.2% (293) | ||||
Angina pectoris | 3.1% (1 604) | 6.3% (348) | 3.0% (1 190) | 3.2% (414) | ||||
Stroke | 1.3% (682) | 3.4% (187) | 1.3% (498) | 1.4% (184) | ||||
Hypertension | 16.3% (8 485) | 22.6% (1 251) | 16.1% (6 303) | 16.8% (2 182) | ||||
Hypercholesterolemia | 7.4% (3 880) | 10.0% (554) | 7.6% (2 985) | 6.9% (895) | ||||
Diabetes mellitus at baseline | 2.0% (1 069) | 5.1% (284) | 1.9% (754) | 2.4% (315) | ||||
NO2 at front door (μg/m3) since 1971c | 15.1 (11.5-27.1) | 16.6 (11.6-29.5) | 14.2 (11.4-18.5) | 22.1 (19.2-34.8) | ||||
Major roade within 50 m of address at baseline | ||||||||
No | 92.0% (47 886) | 89.6% (4 958) | 97.0% (37 856) | 77.1% (10 030) | ||||
Yes | 8.0% (4 175) | 10.4% (576) | 3.0% (1 189) | 22.9% (2 986) | ||||
Traffic load within 200 m of the address at baseline (103 vehicle km/day) | 2.5 (0.3-15.1) | 3.5 (0.3-16.1) | 1.7 (0.2-12.0) | 6.9 (0.6-22.9) | ||||
Noise (L den ) at baseline address (dB) | 56.4 (48.4-70.0) | 57.9 (48.9-71.0) | 54.6 (48.0-66.3) | 63.4 (52.2-73.1) | ||||