Particulate matter air pollution and respiratory symptoms in individuals having either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a European multicentre panel study

Karakatsani, Anna; Analitis, Antonis; Perifanou, Dimitra; Ayres, Jon G; Harrison, Roy M; Kotronarou, Anastasia; Kavouras, Ilias G; Pekkanen, Juha; Hämeri, Kaarle; Kos, Gerard PA; de Hartog, Jeroen J; Hoek, Gerard; Katsouyanni, Klea

doi:10.1186/1476-069X-11-75

Environmental Health

Table 4 Associations of particulate matter indices, NO ₂ and O ₃ with prevalence of symptoms in all participants and the subgroup of asthmatics (random effects pooled estimates)

From: Particulate matter air pollution and respiratory symptoms in individuals having either asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a European multicentre panel study

Symptom	Pollutant	Lag0		Lag1		Lag2		Lag06
		OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Woken with breathing problems
	PM₁₀
Total		1.001	0.966-1.037	1.010	0.964-1.059	0.978	0.928-1.030	1.009	0.881-1.155
Asthmatics		0.977	0.937-1.019	0.982	0.923-1.044	0.953	0.881-1.031	0.947	0.855-1.049
	PM_2.5
Total		0.997	0.952-1.044	0.980	0.915-1.049	0.953	0.886-1.025	0.889	0.682-1.160
Asthmatics		0.988	0.932-1.048	0.955	0.863-1.057	0.944	0.868-1.026	0.943	0.787-1.130
	PM_{10 - 2.5}
Total		1.020	0.883-1.179	1.047	0.989-1.109	0.996	0.935-1.062	1.019	0.860-1.208
Asthmatics		0.959	0.797-1.154	1.009	0.952-1.070	0.915	0.731-1.147	0.689	0.381-1.247
	PNC
Total		0.971	0.865-1.090	1.027	0.952-1.109	0.958	0.863-1.064	0.910	0.638-1.298
Asthmatics		1.012	0.844-1.212	1.047	0.961-1.141	1.019	0.939-1.106	1.195	0.953-1.497
	Absorbance
Total		1.014	0.952-1.079	1.018	0.966-1.073	0.971	0.922-1.022	0.929	0.777-1.111
Asthmatics		1.051	0.874-1.264	1.026	0.940-1.120	0.978	0.916-1.044	0.967	0.805-1.162
	NO₂
Total		0.980	0.940-1.021	0.983	0.943-1.026	0.970	0.926-1.016	0.969	0.856-1.098
Asthmatics		1.017	0.918-1.126	0.995	0.935-1.059	0.964	0.918-1.012	0.984	0.850-1.140
	O₃
Total		1.063	1.020-1.108	1.023	0.957-1.094	1.010	0.959-1.064	1.037	0.896-1.200
Asthmatics		0.982	0.896-1.077	1.001	0.925-1.082	1.009	0.926-1.099	1.075	0.935-1.235
Shortness of breath
	PM₁₀
Total		0.998	0.970-1.026	1.037	1.002-1.074	1.014	0.986-1.042	1.050	0.998-1.106
Asthmatics		0.992	0.956-1.028	1.030	0.994-1.067	0.997	0.962-1.032	1.049	0.936-1.176
	PM_2.5
Total		1.001	0.942-1.063	1.035	0.974-1.099	1.026	0.984-1.070	1.027	0.944-1.117
Asthmatics		1.006	0.951-1.063	1.032	0.977-1.091	1.018	0.965-1.074	1.005	0.828-1.219
	PM_{10 - 2.5}
Total		0.995	0.949-1.042	1.060	1.015-1.107	1.002	0.949-1.057	1.044	0.947-1.151
Asthmatics		0.972	0.915-1.031	1.028	0.973-1.086	0.978	0.925-1.033	1.010	0.872-1.168
	PNC
Total		0.972	0.901-1.048	0.910	0.844-0.982	0.919	0.860-0.982	0.908	0.770-1.071
Asthmatics		0.976	0.898-1.062	0.925	0.817-1.046	0.952	0.879-1.031	1.032	0.860-1.237
	Absorbance
Total		1.019	0.936-1.109	1.042	0.954-1.138	1.026	0.978-1.077	1.064	0.929-1.218
Asthmatics		1.014	0.930-1.106	1.055	0.975-1.143	1.048	0.985-1.116	1.218	0.950-1.562
	NO₂
Total		1.011	0.934-1.094	0.996	0.915-1.085	0.985	0.940-1.032	1.011	0.874-1.170
Asthmatics		0.991	0.886-1.108	0.987	0.880-1.106	0.984	0.915-1.058	1.013	0.846-1.213
	O₃
Total		0.988	0.957-1.021	0.961	0.921-1.003	0.975	0.946-1.004	0.962	0.914-1.014
Asthmatics		0.967	0.931-1.004	0.932	0.898-0.967	0.932	0.888-0.979	0.915	0.828-1.011
Wheezing
	PM₁₀
Total		1.026	0.980-1.074	1.027	1.000-1.055	1.011	0.981-1.041	0.989	0.869-1.125
Asthmatics		1.012	0.955-1.073	1.011	0.979-1.043	0.994	0.964-1.026	0.984	0.894-1.082
	PM_2.5
Total		0.998	0.925-1.077	1.004	0.931-1.082	0.982	0.882-1.094	0.873	0.629-1.213
Asthmatics		0.971	0.886-1.064	0.966	0.888-1.050	0.973	0.886-1.067	0.902	0.681-1.195
	PM_{10 - 2.5}
Total		1.041	0.990-1.094	1.073	1.028-1.120	1.023	0.980-1.068	1.053	0.966-1.147
Asthmatics		1.045	0.972-1.124	1.044	0.995-1.096	1.003	0.957-1.051	1.008	0.909-1.119
	PNC
Total		0.934	0.791-1.104	0.947	0.816-1.099	0.985	0.841-1.154	1.092	0.639-1.865
Asthmatics		0.975	0.815-1.165	0.989	0.821-1.191	1.046	0.842-1.301	1.406	0.730-2.705
	Absorbance
Total		0.980	0.910-1.055	1.000	0.930-1.075	0.999	0.888-1.123	0.926	0.644-1.332
Asthmatics		0.970	0.890-1.058	0.984	0.906-1.070	0.975	0.853-1.113	1.008	0.755-1.347
	NO₂
Total		0.995	0.922-1.074	0.983	0.923-1.047	1.003	0.933-1.078	1.004	0.828-1.217
Asthmatics		0.995	0.934-1.060	0.980	0.916-1.048	0.986	0.895-1.086	0.999	0.838-1.191
	O₃
Total		1.008	0.966-1.051	1.012	0.965-1.061	1.009	0.949-1.073	1.031	0.933-1.138
Asthmatics		0.985	0.948-1.025	0.998	0.959-1.038	1.046	0.947-1.156	1.060	0.916-1.228
Cough
	PM₁₀
Total		1.001	0.975-1.027	1.014	0.985-1.045	0.999	0.957-1.043	1.007	0.913-1.110
Asthmatics		0.993	0.952-1.034	0.991	0.956-1.026	0.989	0.935-1.047	0.969	0.900-1.043
	PM_2.5
Total		0.960	0.922-0.999	0.971	0.933-1.011	0.962	0.919-1.008	0.901	0.753-1.079
Asthmatics		0.940	0.847-1.042	0.949	0.884-1.019	0.946	0.879-1.019	0.918	0.761-1.107
	PM_{10 - 2.5}
Total		1.099	0.943-1.282	1.089	0.956-1.240	1.043	0.958-1.137	1.210	0.772-1.896
Asthmatics		1.016	0.966-1.069	1.024	0.974-1.076	1.003	0.912-1.103	1.005	0.902-1.120
	PNC
Total		0.981	0.916-1.051	1.009	0.944-1.079	0.968	0.895-1.047	0.894	0.714-1.119
Asthmatics		0.979	0.906-1.058	0.972	0.900-1.050	0.918	0.807-1.044	0.824	0.618-1.098
	Absorbance
Total		0.939	0.898-0.982	0.976	0.932-1.022	0.959	0.917-1.003	1.083	0.797-1.472
Asthmatics		0.937	0.833-1.054	0.976	0.892-1.068	0.942	0.891-0.997	1.078	0.782-1.486
	NO₂
Total		0.971	0.937-1.007	0.981	0.945-1.017	0.965	0.931-1.000	0.959	0.899-1.024
Asthmaticss		0.980	0.935-1.026	0.986	0.941-1.033	0.972	0.925-1.020	0.981	0.903-1.066
	O₃
Total		1.061	1.013-1.111	1.049	1.016-1.083	1.059	1.027-1.091	1.066	0.982-1.157
Asthmatics		1.062	1.016-1.110	1.051	1.002-1.102	1.058	1.022-1.095	1.106	0.939-1.302

Bold are significant pooled effects.

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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