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Table 2 Characteristics of Neonates, and LBW Cases and Mean Birth Weight (grams) by Cooking Fuel Use and Garbage Burning at Home

From: Cooking fuel choices and garbage burning practices as determinants of birth weight: a cross-sectional study in Accra, Ghana

 

Total N=592

Reference

Exposure categories

  

LPG use N=161

Charcoal use only N=282

Charcoal use and LPG use N=104

Garbage burning only N=160

LPG use and garbage burning N=30

Charcoal use and garbage burning N=90

Sex

       

Male

53.2

      

Female

46.8

      

Birth Order

       

1

38.3

      

2-3

45.9

      

4-5

13.5

      

6+

2.2

      

Mean * ± SD

2949±634

3165±540

2843±650

2911±613

2855±690

3040±703

2773±721

LBW ** n(%)

109(18.4)

15(9.3)

64(22.7)

20(19.2)

37(23.1)

6(20.0)

23(25.6)

  1. Note. SD Standard Deviation. Values reported for sex and birth order of neonates are percentages.
  2. * t-Test for differences in mean birth weight: LPG use vs. Charcoal use, p<0.0001; LPG use vs. Charcoal use & LPG use, p<0.0001; LPG use vs. Garbage burning, p<0.0001; LPG use vs. LPG use & garbage burning, p=0.162; LPG use vs. Charcoal use & garbage burning, p<0.0001.
  3. ** X 2 Test for differences in LBW cases: all fuel type categories, p=0.002; LPG use vs. Charcoal use, p<0.0001; LPG use vs. Charcoal use & LPG use, p=0.020; LPG use vs. Garbage burning, p<0.0001; LPG use vs. LPG use & garbage burning, p=0.026; LPG use vs. Charcoal use & garbage burning, p<0.0001.