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Table 3 Unadjusted and Adjusted Effect of Cooking Fuel Use and Garbage Burning at Home

From: Cooking fuel choices and garbage burning practices as determinants of birth weight: a cross-sectional study in Accra, Ghana

Exposure category

All births (N=592)

Term births (N=442)

 

Unadjusted β (95% CI)

Adjusted β (95% CI)

Unadjusted β (95% CI)

Adjusted β (95% CI)

Charcoal use only (n=282)

−267 (−518, -15)

−243 (−496, 11)

−136 (−399, 127)

−108 (−372, 155)

Low (n=40)

−237 (−450, -24)

−262 (−477, -47)

−205 (−426, 15)

−181 (−403, 42)

Moderate (n=106)

−300 (−451, -150)

−289 (−442, -137)

−165 (−323, -7)

−144 (−305, 16)

High (n=136)

−363 (−503, -223)

−381 (−523, -239)

−274 (−419, -130)

−278 (−425, -131)

 

Trend p value = 0.000

Trend p value = 0.000

Charcoal use and LPG use

−146 (−441, 149)

−109 (−406, 188)

−114 (−416, 189)

−82 (−385, 220)

Garbage burning only (n=160)

−153 (−395, 88)

−178 (−421, 65)

−114 (−361, 134)

−133 (−382, 116)

Low (n=57)

−144 (−322, 44)

−140 (−331, 50)

−11 (−205, 183)

9 (−188, 205)

Moderate (n=60)

−488 (−673, -304)

−489 (−676, -302)

−389 (−588, -191)

−403 (−602, -204)

High (n=43)

−386 (−594, -178)

−383 (−596, -170)

−247 (−463, -31)

−217 (−438, 3)

 

Trend p value = 0.000

Trend p value = 0.001

LPG use and garbage burning

−153 (−396, 90)

−169 (−415, 77)

−114 (−361, 134)

−126 (−375, 123)

Charcoal use and garbage burning

−420 (−584, -255)

−429 (−599, -259)

−249 (−427, -72)

−245 (−428, -62)

  1. Note. CI Confidence interval, Effect estimate (β) is in grams.
  2. Trend test is for charcoal use only and garbage burning only exposure categories.
  3. LPG users (n=161) served as reference category for all exposure categories.
  4. Effect estimates adjusted for age, social class, marital status and gravidity of mothers, and sex of neonate.