Arsenic, asbestos and radon: emerging players in lung tumorigenesis

Table 3 Epigenetic alterations occurring in environmentally induced lung cancer

Type of alteration	Carcinogen	Gene	References
Hypermethylation	Radon, Asbestos	CDKN2A	[132, 135, 136]
Hypermethylation	Arsenic	TP53	[129, 137]
Hypermethylation	Arsenic, Asbestos	RASSF1A	[130]
Histone Methylation	Arsenic	H3K4, H3K9, H3K27	[138–140]
Histone Hypoacetylation	Arsenic	H4K16	[138, 140, 141]
Global DNA Hypomethylation	Arsenic	N.A.	[137, 142]
miR Downregulation	Arsenic	miR-200	[131] CL
miR Overexpression	Asbestos	miR-148b, miR-374a, miR-24-1*, Let-7d, Let- 7e, miR-199b-5p, miR- 331-3p, miR-96, miR- 17-92	[134] S
miR Downregulation	Asbestos	miR-939, miR-671-5p, miR-605, miR-1224-5p, miR-202	[134] S

Studies concern both smokers and non smokers except if indicated (S: smokers only, CL: Cell Lines).

ISSN: 1476-069X