Controls | Neural tube defects Unadjusted | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
# (%) | # (%) OR (95%CI) | |||
PCE | ||||
Unexposed | 330 (62.7) | 10 (66.7) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Below MCL (>0- ≤ 5 ppb) | 27 (5.1) | 3 (20.0) | 3.7 (1.0-14.1) | 0.06 |
Above MCL (> 5 ppb) | 169 (32.1) | 2 (13.3) | 0.4 (0.1- 1.8) | 0.23 |
Unexposed | 330 (62.7) | 10 (66.7) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Exposed | 196 (37.2) | 5 (33.3) | 0.8 (0.3-2.5) | 0.76 |
TCE | ||||
Unexposed | 287 (54.6) | 7 (46.7) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Low (>0- ≤ 2 ppb) | 114 (21.7) | 4 (26.7) | 1.4 (0.4-5.0) | 0.57 |
High (> 2 ppb) | 125 (23.8) | 4 (26.7) | 1.3 (0.4-4.6) | 0.67 |
Unexposed | 287 (54.6) | 7 (46.7) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Below MCL (>0- ≤ 5 ppb) | 188 (35.7) | 5 (33.3) | 1.1 (0.3-3.5) | 0.88 |
Above MCL (>5 ppb) | 51 (9.7) | 3 (20.0) | 2.4 (0.6-9.6) | 0.21 |
Unexposed | 287 (54.6) | 7 (46.7) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Exposed | 239 (45.4) | 8 (53.3) | 1.4 (0.5-3.8) | 0.55 |
Benzene | ||||
Unexposed | 453 (86.1) | 9 (60.0) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Exposed | 73 (13.9) | 6 (40.0) | 4.1 (1.4-12.0) | 0.01 |
Vinyl Chloride | ||||
Unexposed | 329 (62.5) | 9 (60.0) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Exposed | 197 (37.5) | 6 (40.0) | 1.1 (0.4-3.2) | 0.84 |
DCE | ||||
Unexposed | 328 (62.4) | 9 (60.0) | 1.0 (ref.) | |
Exposed | 198 (37.6) | 6 (40.0) | 1.1 (0.4-3.1) | 0.85 |