Associations between cadmium exposure and neurocognitive test scores in a cross-sectional study of US adults

Table 4 Associations between urinary cadmium concentration and neurocognitive test performance by age category

SRTT			SDST
(visual motor speed)			(attention/perception)
		% change in		% change in
		score with a		score with a
		1 μg/L increase		1 μg/L increase
	β _Cd ^a	in Cd ^b (95%CI)	β _Cd ^a	in Cd ^b (95%CI)
20-29 yrs.	0.0132	1.32 (−1.02, 3.65)	0.0289*	2.89* (0.36, 5.42)
30-39 yrs.	−0.0059	−0.59 (−2.15, 0.97)	−0.0030	−0.30 (−2.02, 1.42)
40-49 yrs.	−0.0012	−0.12 (−1.33, 1.09)	0.0161*	1.61* (0.26, 2.95)
50-59 yrs.	−0.0046	−0.46 (−1.79, 0.88)	0.0196*	1.96* (0.46, 3.47)
SDLT
(learning recall/short-term memory)
SDLT trials-to-criterion			SDLT total-error-score
	OR _Cd ^c	(95%CI)	OR _Cd ^c	(95%CI)
20-29 yrs.	0.89	(0.61, 1.30)	1.02	(0.66, 1.58)
30-39 yrs.	1.11	(0.74, 1.66)	0.96	(0.67, 1.37)
40-49 yrs.	1.21	(0.95, 1.55)	1.17	(0.91, 1.52)
50-59 yrs.	0.89	(0.70, 1.15)	0.83	(0.63, 1.08)

Model adjusted for urinary cadmium, urinary creatinine, sex, race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, and other), smoking status (never, former, or current smoker), serum cotinine, blood lead, language exam was given in (Spanish or English), education (in years), and poverty income ratio.
^a β for urinary cadmium (μg/L) with log transformed outcome.
^b percent change in test score associated with 1 μg/L increase in urinary cadmium (based on β). Note: higher scores correspond to worse performance.
^c OR for having a poor (above median) SDLT score associated with a 1 μg/L increase in urinary cadmium.
* significant at alpha = 0.05.

ISSN: 1476-069X