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Table 5 Associations between urinary cadmium concentration and neurocognitive test performance among never smokers with no known occupational exposure

From: Associations between cadmium exposure and neurocognitive test scores in a cross-sectional study of US adults

SRTT

SDST

(visual motor speed)

(attention/perception)

   

% change in

  

% change in

   

score with a

  

score with a

   

1 μg/L increase

  

1 μg/L increase

 

N

β Cd a

in Cd b (95%CI)

N

β Cd a

in Cd b (95%CI)

Model 1

2286

0.0299*

2.99* (1.39, 4.59)

2371

0.0922*

9.22* (6.99, 11.44)

Model 2

1986

−0.0088

−0.88 (−2.69, 0.93)

2050

0.0193*

1.93* (0.05, 3.81)

SDLT

(learning recall/short-term memory)

SDLT trials-to-criterion

SDLT total-error-score

 

N

OR Cd c

(95%CI)

N

OR Cd c

(95%CI)

Model 1

2270

1.70

(0.99 – 2.93)

2301

2.25*

(1.67 – 3.05)

Model 2

1967

1.12

(0.82 - 1.53)

1991

1.45

(0.99 – 2.14)

  1. Model 1. urinary cadmium and an independent term for urinary creatinine.
  2. Model 2. add age, sex, race-ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Mexican American, and other), serum cotinine, blood lead, language exam was given in (Spanish or English), education (in years), and poverty income ratio.
  3. a β for urinary cadmium (μg/L) with log transformed outcome.
  4. b percent change in test score associated with 1 μg/L increase in urinary cadmium (based on β). Note: higher scores correspond to worse performance.
  5. c OR for having a poor (above median) SDLT score associated with a 1 μg/L increase in urinary cadmium.
  6. * significant at alpha = 0.05.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X