Association between maternal exposure to housing renovation and offspring with congenital heart disease: a multi-hospital case–control study

Table 2 Effect of indoor renovation exposure on groups of CHDs

	Indoor renovation		COR (95%CI)	AOR^a(95%CI)
	Yes	No	COR (95%CI)	AOR^a(95%CI)
Controls	77	331	Reference	Reference
Cases	101	245	1.82 (1.30, 2.56)	1.89 ^** (1.29, 2.77)
CHD Groups
Complex malformation	23	42	2.35 (1.34, 4.15)	2.65 ^** (1.38, 5.07)
Isolated Cardiac defect	80	201	1.71 (1.20, 2.45)	1.76^** (1.18, 2.64)
Subtype for isolated cardiac defect
Septal defect	38	113	1.45 (0.93, 2.25)	1.56 (0.93, 2.62)
Conotruncal defect	34	102	1.43 (0.90, 2.27)	1.84 * (1.08, 3.13)
Right-sided obstructive	18	41	1.89 (1.03, 3.46)	1.41 (0.69, 2.88)
Left-sided obstructive	17	39	1.87 (1.01, 3.49)	1.51 (0.72, 3.17)
Anomalous venous return	12	23	2.24 (1.07, 4.70)	2.51 * (1.12, 5.66)
Others	15	30	2.15 (1.10, 4.19)	2.63 * (1.19, 5.80)

^a Variables entered were maternal age, maternal education level, place of residence (category), folate intake, ETS, factory or landfill nearby, air ventilation and hospital distribution (category).
Significant differences between the mothers of case and control groups were indicated as follows: * (p < 0.05), ** (p < 0.01), (tested two-tailed).

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