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Table 3 Associations between daily emergency hospital visits and pollution levels (lag 0–2) in single-and three pollutant models

From: Ozone is associated with cardiopulmonary and stroke emergency hospital visits in Reykjavík, Iceland 2003–2009

 

O3

NO2

PM10

 

% (95% CI)

p

% (95% CI)

p

% (95% CI)

p

All

      

Single-pollutant

3.9 (1.7-6.1)

<0.01

−1.4 (−3.3-0.6)

0.17

0.1 (−0.9-1.2)

0.86

Three-pollutant

5.3 (2.5-8.1)

<0.01

1.5 (−1.0-4.1)

0.24

−0.4 (−1.7-0.7)

0.45

Females

      

Single-pollutant

5.7 (2.4-9.1)

<0.01

−1.6 (−4.5-1.4)

0.29

0.1 (−1.5-1.8)

0.86

Three-pollutant

7.8 (3.6-12.1)

<0.01

2.7 (−1.1-6.8)

0.17

−0.6 (−2.4-1.2)

0.51

Males

      

Single-pollutant

2.9 (0.1-5.8)

0.04

−1.1 (−3.7-1.5)

0.39

0.1 (−1.3-1.5)

0.88

Three-pollutant

3.5 (0.1-6.9)

0.04

0.6 (−2.6-3.9)

0.73

−0.1 (−1.7-1.4)

0.86

Elderly

      

Single-pollutant

3.3 (0.5-6.1)

0.02

−0.1 (−2.6-2.5)

0.96

0.0 (−1.4-1.4)

0.98

Three-pollutant

6.5 (3.0- 10.1)

<0.01

3.9 (0.6-7.3)

0.02

−0.6 (−2.2-0.9)

0.43

  1. Results are given as percent (%) change in visits per interquartile range (μg/m3) increase. Models are adjusted for lag 1 of relevant visits, day-of-week and odd holidays, lag 02 temperature and relative humidity, and time trend with a cubic-penalized spline. Interquartile range of lag 02 variables: O3: 17.21 μg/m3, NO2: 12.93 μg/m3, PM10: 11.05 μg/m3.