Skip to main content

Table 1 Commute variables for routes of high (HIGH) and low (LOW) proximity to motorised traffic; direction

From: Utility of an alternative bicycle commute route of lower proximity to motorised traffic in decreasing exposure to ultra-fine particles, respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation – a structured exposure experiment

Condition

HIGH

LOW

Inbound

Outbound

Inbound

Outbound

Time (24:00)

8:20 ± 0:22

16:39 ± 0:23

8:04 ± 0:22

16:33 ± 0:23

Distance (km)

12.3 ± 6.9

11.7 ± 6.9

12.9 ± 7.2

12.6 ± 7.0

Duration (min)

42 ± 18

41 ± 15

45 ± 17

43 ± 16

Speed (km·hr-1)

17.3 ± 4.3

16.7 ± 4.8

17.1 ± 4.6

17.1 ± 4.7

Heart Rate (bpm)

137 ± 11

135 ± 11

134 ± 9

131 ± 9

Temperature (ºC)

17.9 ± 3.5

21.1 ± 3.0##

17.7 ± 3.5

21.5 ± 3.2##

Humidity (%)

61 ± 14

48 ± 19##

62 ± 13

49 ± 19##

Wind Speed (km·hr-1)

5.8 ± 3.2

9.5 ± 4.8

7.1 ± 3.2

8.5 ± 4.4

Air Pressure (hPa)

1019 ± 6

1016 ± 5

1019 ± 6

1016 ± 5

PNC Mean ( x e4; ppcc)

3.30 ± 1.57

2.60 ± 1.35##

1.99 ± 1.02**

1.84 ± 0.84**

PNC Median ( x e4; ppcc)

2.20 ± 1.02

1.77 ± 1.08

1.34 ± 0.79**

1.38 ± 0.67**

PD Median (nm)

49 ± 10

47 ± 8

52 ± 11

50 ± 11

  1. Values are means (or median where indicated) ± standard deviation. Significance [from multivariate repeated measure ANOVA]: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to HIGH; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared to Inbound. PNC (ppcc) = particle number concentration (particles per cubic centimetre), PD = particle diameter.