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Table 2 Symptom and peak flow variables for routes of high (HIGH) and low (LOW) proximity to motorised traffic; direction and time

From: Utility of an alternative bicycle commute route of lower proximity to motorised traffic in decreasing exposure to ultra-fine particles, respiratory symptoms and airway inflammation – a structured exposure experiment

Condition

HIGH

LOW

Inbound

Outbound

Inbound

Outbound

Pre

In

Post

Pre

In

Post

Pre

In

Post

Pre

In

Post

Offensive Odour

1.09 ± 0.12

2.71*,## ± 0.73

1.21 ± 0.15

1.12 ± 0.13

2.88*,## ± 0.83

1.06 ± 0.11

1.18 ± 0.13

2.06## ± 0.42

1.09 ± 0.15

1.18 ± 0.14

2.18## ± 0.48

1.09 ± 0.11

Dust, Soot

1.06 ± 0.11

2.35*,## ± 0.55

1.06 ± 0.11

1.06 ± 0.11

2.21*,## ± 0.49

1.03 ± 0.12

1.18 ± 0.14

1.65# ± 0.27

1.06 ± 0.11

1.15 ± 0.13

1.65*,## ± 0.27

1.09 ± 0.21

Eye Irritation

1.06 ± 0.11

1.56 ± 0.24

1.06 ± 0.11

1.18 ± 0.14

1.65 ± 0.27

1.06 ± 0.10

1.18 ± 0.10

1.26 ± 0.16

1.09 ± 0.12

1.18 ± 0.14

1.35 ± 0.18

1.06 ± 0.12

Nose Irritation

1.38 ± 0.19

1.82** ± 0.33

1.24 ± 0.15

1.24 ± 0.16

1.74 ± 0.30

1.12 ± 0.13

1.24 ± 0.15

1.53 ± 0.23

1.12 ± 0.13

1.09 ± 0.12

1.38 ± 0.19

1.12 ± 0.13

Throat Irritation

1.56 ± 0.24

2.00** ± 0.40

1.41 ± 0.19

1.35 ± 0.18

2.09 ± 0.44

1.26 ± 0.16

1.38 ± 0.19

1.56 ± 0.24

1.26 ± 0.16

1.24 ± 0.15

1.56 ± 0.25

1.35 ± 0.18

Cough

1.32 ± 0.17

1.62 ± 0.26

1.32 ± 0.17

1.18 ± 0.14

1.71 ± 0.29

1.41 ± 0.20

1.29 ± 0.17

1.26 ± 0.16

1.26 ± 0.20

1.24 ± 0.16

1.35 ± 0.19

1.24 ± 0.15

Phlegm

1.26 ± 0.16

1.97 ± 0.38

1.26 ± 0.16

1.18 ± 0.15

1.94 ± 0.38

1.35 ± 0.18

1.47 ± 0.22

1.74 ± 0.30

1.21 ± 0.15

1.29 ± 0.17

1.76 ± 0.31

1.24 ± 0.13

Chest Tightness

1.12 ± 0.13

1.35 ± 0.18

1.09 ± 0.12

1.09 ± 0.13

1.47 ± 0.22

1.12 ± 0.13

1.09 ± 0.12

1.12 ± 0.13

1.12 ± 0.11

1.12 ± 0.13

1.15 ± 0.13

1.12 ± 0.13

Chest Wheeze

1.03 ± 0.11

1.24 ± 0.15

1.09 ± 0.12

1.06 ± 0.11

1.26 ± 0.16

1.15 ± 0.13

1.09 ± 0.13

1.09 ± 0.12

1.09 ± 0.13

1.06 ± 0.11

1.15 ± 0.11

1.09 ± 0.19

Headache

1.09 ± 0.12

1.21 ± 0.16

1.12 ± 0.13

1.12 ± 0.14

1.29 ± 0.17

1.09 ± 0.12

1.18 ± 0.14

1.09 ± 0.13

1.12 ± 0.16

1.18 ± 0.14

1.18 ± 0.14

1.03 ± 0.11

PFR (%Δ)

0.00 ± 0.00

1.28 ± 0.16

1.18 ± 0.14

0.00 ± 0.00

1.65 ± 0.27

1.63 ± 0.27

0.00 ± 0.00

1.76 ± 0.31

1.41 ± 0.20

0.00 ± 0.00

2.38 ± 0.57

2.14 ± 0.46

  1. Values are mean ± standard deviation. Significance [from linear mixed models]: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared to LOW; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01 compared to Pre. Direction is the return component of bicycle commute trip performance: Inbound = morning, ingress of CBD; Outbound = afternoon, egress of CBD. Time is the period relative to bicycle commute trip performance: Pre = immediately pre-commute; In = immediately-post-commute; Post = three hours post-commute. PFR = Peak flow rate. Values are given as mean, on a scale of incidence from 1 (very low) to 5 (very high). PFR is expressed as the percentage change from Pre values.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X