Figure 2

Graph of country and U.S. state- level data on Autism/ASD and circumcision prevalence rates. All studies in which at least some cohort members were born after 1995. This graph includes country-level studies with the U.S. stratified to state-level studies for the post-1995 cohort (no overall U.S. data point). The assumption is that, due to changes in neonate prescribing practices in the mid-1990s, some cohort members in each study would likely be exposed to paracetamol at the time of circumcision. Autism rates are population weighted averages of all studies for a country or U.S. state. (See Additional files 1, 3, 4 and 5).