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Table 1 Land use regression coefficients from the model using kriging with external drift (KED), including the variogram fit

From: Spatial and temporal estimation of air pollutants in New York City: exposure assignment for use in a birth outcomes study

Fine particulate matter model variables

Beta

Std. error

t-value

p-value

  

(Intercept)

10.03

0.28

35.45

<0.01

Exponential variogram model

Industrial land use within 500 m

5.05

1.67

3.02

<0.01

Range (KM)

5.53

Number of boilers burning residual oil within 1 km

0.01

0.00

7.68

<0.01

Partial Sill

0.36

Average density of truck traffic within 1.6 km

0.16

0.06

2.85

0.01

Nugget

0.52

Estimated overall traffic weighted road density within 100 m

0.01

0.00

6.10

<0.01

  

Land area with vegetative cover within 100 m

−57.60

11.43

−5.04

<0.01

Overall R-sq

0.79

Nitrogen dioxide model variables

Beta

Std. error

t-value

p-value

  

(Intercept)

21.11

1.25

16.89

<0.01

Spherical variogram model

Interior square footage of buildings within 1km

0.92

0.10

9.61

<0.01

Range (KM)

18.84

Nighttime population within 1 km

0.00

0.00

1.55

0.12

Partial Sill

3.71

Estimated overall traffic weighted road density within 100 m

0.02

0.00

4.26

<0.01

Nugget

8.15

Location on a bus route (Categorical)

4.94

0.69

7.16

<0.01

  

Land area with vegetative cover within 100 m

−309.98

47.76

−6.49

<0.01

Overall R-sq

0.80