|
Animal data
|
|
238 chemicals
|
LD50
|
Adult and newborn mammals
|
Median LD50Adult/LD50Newborn = 2.6
|
[70]
|
| | | |
14% of ratios exceeded 10
| |
|
18 industrial chemicals
|
pNOAEL
|
Young and newborn rats (postnatal days 4 to 21)
|
NOAELYoung/NOAELNewborn < 5 for 17 of 18 chemicals
|
[98]
|
|
Human data
|
|
15 anticancer drugs
|
MTD
|
Adults and children
|
1.3 < Mean MTDChild/MTDAdult <4.1
|
[99], ratio of equivalent doses in mg/kg calculated by Dourson et al. [100]
|
|
24 drugs
|
Hepatic clearance (Cl) or half-life (HL)
|
Adults and newborns
|
Cl or HLNewborn/ Cl or HLAdult > 3.2 for 33% of drugs
|
[101], ratios calculated by Dourson et al. [100]
|
|
22 substances
|
Toxicokinetic parameters
|
Adults and children and/or newborns
|
3.2 subfactor for toxicokinetics intraspecies differences adjusts the adult parameter to that of the infant or child for 91% of substances.
|
[78] as calculated by Dourson et al. [100]
|
|
313 substances (mostly pharmaceuticals)
|
LD50
|
Adults and children
|
14% of LD50Adult/LD50Child > 10
|
[102]
|
|
6 drugs
|
Toxicokinetic parameters (one toxicodynamic)
|
Adult and children
|
Ratio of mean adult parameter to lower 95% value of children varied between 0.6-3.7.
|
[92]
|
| | | |
Composite ratios all below 10
| |
|
44 drugs
|
Half-life
|
Adult and children in different age groups
|
Proportion of children whose half-life exceed 3.2-fold the adult mean value;
|
[94]
|
| | | |
0–1 week premature: 70%
| |
| | | |
0–1 week full term: 26%
| |
| | | |
1 week- 2 months: 27%
| |
| | | |
2 months-18 years: 0%
| |
