Traffic-related air pollution exposures and changes in heart rate variability in Mexico City: A panel study

Shields, Kyra Naumoff; Cavallari, Jennifer M; Hunt, Megan J Olson; Lazo, Mariana; Molina, Mario; Molina, Luisa; Holguin, Fernando

doi:10.1186/1476-069X-12-7

Environmental Health

Table 6 Results from single-pollutant linear mixed-model sensitivity analysis: Observations with the smallest and largest 5% of pollutant values (10% total) were removed to evaluate the influence of outlying exposure values on the observed associations

From: Traffic-related air pollution exposures and changes in heart rate variability in Mexico City: A panel study

			SDNN		HF		LF		LF/HF
	n	IQR	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value	β	p-value
PM_2.5 (μ g/m³)
5-min	2982	8.43	2.30	0.01^†	0.81	0.73	1.99	0.33	1.22	0.50
30-min	2826	8.62	0.09	0.92	1.71	0.48	0.46	0.82	−1.32	0.45
60-min	2645	7.28	0.43	0.61	2.12	0.34	1.76	0.36	−0.48	0.77
90-min	2459	6.56	0.33	0.70	3.58	0.12	2.14	0.26	−1.44	0.38
Ozone (ppm)
5-min	3964	58.5	−0.40	0.72	−13.17	< 0.0001^†	−9.67	0.0001^†	4.18	0.08
30-min	3706	60.2	−2.07	0.06	−10.72	0.0001^†	−7.82	0.001^†	3.28	0.15
60-min	3448	62.8	−3.75	0.002^†	−13.78	< 0.0001^†	−11.06	< 0.0001^†	3.16	0.23
90-min	3194	60.0	−6.23	< 0.0001^†	−19.14	< 0.0001^†	−16.86	< 0.0001^†	2.96	0.31
CO (ppm)
5-min	3917	5.60	−2.15	0.0001^†	1.56	0.31	−0.82	0.52	−2.37	0.04^†
30-min	3676	8.57	−3.18	0.0006^†	3.03	0.22	−1.44	0.49	−4.36	0.02^†
60-min	3424	8.88	−3.53	0.0007^†	0.23	0.93	−2.52	0.28	−2.78	0.21
90-min	3170	7.98	−3.52	0.0003^†	−2.39	0.37	−2.35	0.31	0.07	0.98
CO₂ (ppm)
5-min	3933	77.8	−1.81	0.007^†	1.11	0.54	−2.35	0.13	−3.43	0.01^†
30-min	3678	90.2	−2.06	0.02^†	0.34	0.89	−2.55	0.20	−2.89	0.11
60-min	3420	90.9	−3.75	0.0001^†	−2.27	0.38	−4.72	0.03^†	−2.29	0.24
90-min	3168	92.3	−4.86	< 0.0001^†	−4.74	0.11	−7.26	0.004^†	−2.47	0.27
Formaldehyde (ppb)
5-min	1604	20.9	−0.81	0.31	1.93	0.39	−1.74	0.38	−1.74	0.03^†
30-min	1495	26.3	−1.18	0.31	−1.52	0.63	−2.01	0.47	−0.52	0.83
60-min	1367	24.6	−2.12	0.08	−6.29	0.04^†	−5.22	0.05^†	1.00	0.69
90-min	1241	28.8	−4.22	0.006^†	−10.22	0.007^†	−8.24	0.02^†	2.34	0.47
NO₂ (ppb)
5-min	3964	95.3	−2.85	< 0.0001^†	1.13	0.41	−2.46	0.03^†	−3.49	0.0006^†
30-min	3706	111	−2.49	0.0001^†	1.17	0.52	−1.95	0.20	−3.05	0.03^†
60-min	3448	136	−2.40	0.008^†	0.77	0.75	−1.96	0.34	−2.58	0.15
90-min	3194	136	−2.69	0.006^†	−0.91	0.73	−1.36	0.56	−0.24	0.90
NO_x (ppm)
5-min	3964	121	−3.07	< 0.0001^†	−0.83	0.46	−2.29	0.02^†	−1.48	0.09
30-min	3706	172	−3.37	< 0.0001^†	−1.44	0.43	−3.03	0.06	−1.61	0.26
60-min	3448	197	−4.02	< 0.0001^†	−2.10	0.34	−4.03	0.04^†	−1.85	0.28
90-min	3194	200	−3.61	< 0.0001^†	−3.83	0.13	−3.34	0.14	0.58	0.78

β-values are percent change in the outcome per IQR increase in exposure, controlling for sex, age, smoking status, ethnic origin, time of day, and study day. Sample sizes are the total number of repeated observations across all 16 subjects.
^† Significant with α = 0.05.

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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