|
Predictors
|
Level
|
PM2.5(μg/m3) in kitchen area
|
PM2.5(μg/m3) living area room
|
|---|
|
(N = 474 after exclusion of 54 households as outliers)
|
(N = 427 after exclusion of 44 households as outliers)
|
|---|
|
†N
|
Mean (SD)
|
Median
|
†N
|
Mean (SD)
|
Median
|
|---|
|
*Cooking fuel
|
LPG
|
103
|
179 (219)
|
100
|
91
|
95 (77)
|
72
|
|
Kerosene
|
41
|
254 (317)
|
100
|
19
|
98 (95)
|
61
|
|
Dung
|
59
|
741 (539)
|
621
|
55
|
190 (176)
|
115
|
|
Wood
|
262
|
590 (575)
|
386
|
209
|
157 (167)
|
87
|
|
*Kitchen area location
|
ODK
|
56
|
560 (468)
|
473
|
57
|
167 (169)
|
91
|
|
SOK
|
213
|
508 (552)
|
277
|
210
|
142 (146)
|
87
|
|
IWPK
|
107
|
371 (509)
|
177
|
94
|
132 (143)
|
79
|
|
IWOPK
|
92
|
536 (557)
|
330
|
16
|
144 (185)
|
81
|
|
*Ventilation
|
Poor
|
129
|
638 (647)
|
376
|
84
|
186 (173)
|
113
|
|
Moderate
|
196
|
454 (513)
|
259
|
157
|
130 (150)
|
73
|
|
Good
|
144
|
398 (421)
|
236
|
137
|
120 (112)
|
84
|
|
*Region
|
North
|
122
|
512 (549)
|
252
|
93
|
138 (155)
|
72
|
|
East
|
130
|
531 (529)
|
345
|
118
|
144 (142)
|
94
|
|
West/Central
|
138
|
549 (568)
|
350
|
86
|
200 (171)
|
146
|
|
South
|
84
|
283 (413)
|
128
|
86
|
97 (114)
|
51
|
|
Heating
|
No
|
349
|
517 (558)
|
278
|
288
|
151 (154)
|
92
|
|
Indoor
|
91
|
443 (496)
|
220
|
67
|
130 (150)
|
67
|
|
Outdoor
|
26
|
256 (304)
|
119
|
23
|
90 (81)
|
50
|
|
Indoor smoking
|
No
|
7
|
500 (643)
|
102
|
20
|
94 (94)
|
48
|
|
Yes
|
93
|
347 (633)
|
103
|
50
|
102 (133)
|
50
|
|
*Family size
|
≤ 4
|
138
|
457 (570)
|
242
|
166
|
141 (156)
|
75
|
|
>4
|
295
|
509 (555)
|
277
|
203
|
146 (146)
|
91
|
|
*Cooking hours
|
≤ 4 hrs
|
278
|
392 (443)
|
218
|
228
|
121 (124)
|
75
|
|
> 4 hrs
|
185
|
641 (627)
|
398
|
143
|
177 (176)
|
115
|
|
*Numbers of hrs without electricity
|
≤ 2.5 hrs
|
107
|
488 (584)
|
245
|
85
|
153 (163)
|
93
|
|
>2.5 hrs
|
111
|
681(620)
|
510
|
82
|
206 (189)
|
136
|
|
Other PM sources
|
No
|
56
|
536 (492)
|
332
|
39
|
189 (189)
|
128
|
|
Yes
|
162
|
514 (563)
|
275
|
110
|
160 (148)
|
117
|
- †: No of Households;*: Statistically significant in one way ANOVA and therefore included in model; Number of hrs without electricity is used as a proxy for lighting using kerosene; other PM sources include use of incense, mosquito coils and smoking inside the house . Description of kitchen area types may be found in the main text accompanying equation 1. [Number of households recruited = 617; Valid kitchen measurements in N = 528; Valid living room measurements in N = 427; Number of kitchen measurements after exclusion of outliers = 474; Number of living area measurements after exclusion of = 427; Data shown does not include households on which the respective variables were unspecified (cooking fuel = 9, kitchen location =6 , ventilation =5, heating = 8); unknown(indoor smoking = 374) and/or; unavailable(family size = 41, cooking hours = 11, number of hrs without electricity = 256 or presence of other PM sources = 256)].
