Table 3 Adjusted odds ratios for the associations between average shower length and risk for gastroschisis among maternal subgroups, National Birth Defects Prevention Study, USA, 2000-2007
From: A case–control study of maternal bathing habits and risk for birth defects in offspring
Strata | N (%) | aORa | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|
Maternal age | |||
Age <20 | |||
<15 minutes | 83 (27.0) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 225 (73.1) | 1.00 | 0.68-1.46 |
Age ≥20 | |||
<15 minutes | 152 (31.0) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 339 (69.0) | 1.59 | 1.28-1.99 |
Maternal Body mass index | |||
Underweight | |||
<15 minutes | 19 (26.8) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 52 (73.2) | 0.96 | 0.46-2.02 |
Normal weight | |||
<15 minutes | 164 (30.4) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 376 (69.6) | 1.42 | 1.13-1.79 |
Overweight or obese | |||
<15 minutes | 47 (28.0) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 121 (72.0) | 1.56 | 1.06-2.30 |
Maternal race/ethnicity | |||
White | |||
<15 minutes | 137 (33.7) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 269 (66.3) | 1.49 | 1.16-1.91 |
Black | |||
<15 minutes | 25 (40.3) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 37 (59.7) | 1.29 | 0.71-2.34 |
Hispanic | |||
<15 minutes | 56 (22.0) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 199 (78.0) | 1.09 | 0.74-1.61 |
Other | |||
<15 minutes | 16 (21.3) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 59 (78.7) | 1.63 | 0.76-3.51 |
Maternal education | |||
<High school | |||
<15 minutes | 65 (28.0) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 167 (72.0) | 1.11 | 0.75-1.64 |
High school | |||
<15 minutes | 88 (27.8) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 299 (72.2) | 1.25 | 0.92-1.71 |
>High school | |||
<15 minutes | 81 (32.7) | 1.00 | |
≥15 minutes | 167 (67.3) | 1.81 | 1.33-2.46 |