Exposure to aircraft and road traffic noise and associations with heart disease and stroke in six European countries: a cross-sectional study

Table 2 Associations between ‘heart disease and stroke’ and daytime aircraft noise, night-time aircraft noise and 24-hour road traffic noise

Heart disease and stroke Participants = 4712; Cases = 276	Daytime aircraft noise per 10 dB(A)	Night-time aircraft noise per 10 dB(A)	24 hr road traffic noise per 10 dB(A)
Crude (exposure and random intercept^a)	1.09 (0.95, 1.24)	1.18 (1.02, 1.35)	1.21 (1.02, 1.43)
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, ethnicity^b	1.05 (0.92, 1.21)	1.12 (0.97, 1.29)	1.18 (1.00, 1.41)
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, ethnicity and other noise exposures^c	1.06 (0.92, 1.21)	1.12 (0.98, 1.29)	1.19 (1.00, 1.41)
≥ 20 years residence
Heart disease and stroke Participants = 2236; Cases = 154
Crude (exposure and random intercept^a)	1.17 (0.97, 1.40)	1.36 (1.10, 1.59)	1.20 (0.96, 1.51)
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, ethnicity^b	1.11 (0.92, 1.34)	1.24 (1.03, 1.50)	1.19 (0.94, 1.51)
Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, education, ethnicity and other noise exposures^c	1.11 (0.92, 1.34)	1.25 (1.03, 1.51)	1.20 (0.95, 1.52)

Odds ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals.
^athe hierarchical structure of each logistic regression model assumed a random intercept accounting for differences in heart disease and stroke prevalence between countries.
^bage was measured as a continuous variable, sex as male or female, BMI as continuous, education as quartiles of years of education standardised by country means and ethnicity as white or non-white.
^cboth aircraft noise models were adjusted for road traffic noise and the road traffic noise model was adjusted for night time aircraft noise.

ISSN: 1476-069X